The verb has. The verb have / has: rules and exercises

The verb has / have - one of the most frequently used in the English language, in Russian it means "to have", "to own". In addition to these meanings, the word can acquire a different meaning depending on the word combinations and expressions in which it participates. Also, the auxiliary verb has is used in the formation of such times as Perfect Tense and Perfect Continuous Tense.

Basic rules of education and application

The verb have in English has three functional features:

• Full-meaning semantic - the word is used independently, since it denotes the full meaning of the state or action. The verb has two forms in the present tense. Have used for all persons (I, you, you, they, we), exception is the third person singular. With nouns (brother, dog) and pronouns (he, she, it) the verb has. In past tense the word has the form had.

• Auxiliary - is used together with a full-valued semantic word. In the role of the service word, the verb has is used in the formation of such times as perfect and lasting perfect.

• Modal - expresses the relation of a person indicated by a noun or pronoun to any state or action (desirability, necessity, probability, opportunity, etc.).

The structure is as follows: noun or pronoun + has, has, had, (depending on time and person) + particle to + infinitive + other words.

Let's consider some examples:

1. He has to work very hard these 6 months. These six months he needs to work very hard.
2. I have to be fully ready for it. I must be completely ready for this.
3. We had to sell our apartment in America. We had to sell our apartment in America.
4. She had to get to this position in the bank. She should have behaved more politely, since she wanted to get this position in the bank.

Constructions

The verb has got - the most commonly used construction with this word. But this statement applies only to English speakers in the United Kingdom. The British use have got only in daily conversation, and in official cases it is applied to have / has.

Americans, in turn, also use this design, but in certain cases, if a person wants to strengthen the proposal. For an example, take the sentence "I have got a spaceship": the speaker accentuates the listener's attention that he was lucky enough to become the owner of a mysterious spaceship. Or the phrase "I have not got any information", thanks to which we understand that the person has nothing to answer the questioner.

Phrasal verbs

A phrasal verb is a phrase in which the word for action is the main one, with an adverb or a preposition that gives the verb a new meaning. Very often the former meaning changes cardinally, and, except by memorization, it is impossible to memorize the translation.

A list of frequently used phrasal verbs and stable expressions with to have:

• Have down - to accept someone as a guest;
• Have off - learn by heart, take a day off;
• Have on - to be dressed in something;
• Have out - find out the relationship, remove (glands, teeth);
• Have over - take guests in your house, come to an end (usually something unpleasant);
• Have up - to call, bring to criminal responsibility;
• Have breakfast (dinner, lunch);
• Have a coffee (tea) - drink coffee (tea);
• Have a date (meeting) - invite to a date (make an appointment);
• Have a lesson - attend classes;
• Have fun - have fun, have fun;
• Have a haircut - cut;
• Have luck - to succeed, to be lucky;
• Have a baby.

Perfect Time

The times of the Perfect group can be called not so much as others, as they denote not the period of an event, but the accomplished action to a certain moment in the present, past or future.

Perfect time is formed by the form of the verb has (third person singular) + the verb in the third form (the past participle) or with the ending -ed. For other people, you just need to change has to have.

As an illustrative example, consider several proposals:

1. I have packed my things for tomorrow's journey. I packed my things for tomorrow's journey.
2. He has fed two dogs and the cat already. He already fed two dogs and a cat.
3. Sister had written her schedule at 9 pm. At nine o'clock in the evening my sister wrote her schedule.
4. We shall have arrived there by the morning. We will arrive there in the morning.

Perfect long time

Perfect Continuous is as popular as Simple Tense, English-speaking people do not use, because the design is quite long. But knowing the rules of education and use is very important. In some cases, a perfect long time can be replaced by a perfect one, but there are situations when such substitution is simply unacceptable.

The peculiarity of the Perfect Continuous group is that it is a combination of two aspects - perfect and long times - and indicates the duration of the action, but does not indicate the final moment of its completion. With the help of Present Perfect Continuous we can inform you when the action began in the past, thereby making it clear that it is still ongoing and may well be happening in the future.

For this time, words and expressions are typical, such as quite a while (long enough), lately (recently, recently), recently (recently), all day (whole day) and prepositions since (since, since, after And for.

For a better understanding, let's analyze the proposals with the use of Present Perfect Continuous:

1. Father has been doing nothing since morning. Father does not do anything in the morning (and still does not do anything).
2. I've been working for two hours and want to relax finally. I've been working for two hours and I want to finally relax. (I started working two hours ago, I worked for the last two hours, now I'm still working, but I want to rest.)

Tasks for children and adults

Exercise 1. Insert in the sentences has, has or had:
1) She ____ an interesting magazine. She has an interesting magazine.
2) I ____ a wonderful day yesterday. Yesterday I had a wonderful day.
3) This toy ____ a terrible noise. This toy makes a terrible noise.
4) Your sister ____ a very beautiful dress. Your sister has a very beautiful dress.
5) Maria's house ____ only one floor. There is only one floor in Maria's house.
6) They ____ health problems. They have health problems.
7) We will ____ a new computer! We will have a new computer!

Exercise 2. Paste into sentences have got or has got:
1) We ____ a meeting at the university. We have a meeting at the university.
2) He ____ two options. He has two options.
3) My phone ____ several themes. There are several themes in my phone.
4) Their son ____ a flat in London. Their son owns an apartment in London.
5) I ____ a new set of glasses. I have a set of glasses.

Exercise 3. Write question questions with got and has got:
1) ____ you ____ a pen and a piece of paper? Do you have a pen and paper?
2) ____ she ____ a pet? Does she have a pet?
3) ____ we ____ some money? Do we have some money?
4) ____ this perfume ____ nice smell? Does this perfume have a pleasant smell?
5) ____ I ____ a couple of minutes? Do I have a couple of minutes?
6) ____ our mother ____ a bar of chocolate? Does our mother have a chocolate bar?
7) ____ they ____ wonderful view from the window of their room? From the window of their room has a beautiful view?

Exercise 4. Translate the sentences into English using has (got), has (got), had:

1) Do you have an umbrella?
2) Does the library have the necessary books?
3) Which of these boxes are there medicines?
4) In this album there are photos from the holidays.
5) Does she have a passport?
6) He has a bottle of water.
7) Which of you have children?
8) I have grandparents.
9) I used to have long hair.
10) We had a fun weekend.