What are common words in Russian? Examples of Common Words

The dictionary of the Russian language is rich and diverse. But the common vocabulary is undoubtedly considered to be its most important part. It is the nucleus, without which it is impossible to imagine language and conversation, includes commonly used words denoting concepts that are used everywhere. They can be heard on the street, at work, at school, in the store, in other words, anywhere. Folk vocabulary is the basis of a literary national dictionary, a very important material for speaking in your native language. This is the foundation that helps to continue to enrich and improve vocabulary. Do not underestimate its importance. Virtually all units of folk vocabulary are used actively and constantly, they can be found in every speech style.

Common and stylistically neutral words

In Russian there are many words known and available to everyone, which can be used in both conversation and writing. Examples include the following lexical units: "river", "soil", "grove", "roll", "walk", "eat", "winter", "catchy", "work", "read", " Newspaper "," woman "," proposal "," person ", etc. There are also neutral words that can be found in scientific work and in ordinary conversation; They can be seen both in official paper and in a friend's letter. There are a lot of such lexical units in the Russian language. Common words, examples of which you now know, are common throughout the country. They are also used in some other states where people speak Russian.

Emotional-expressive vocabulary

In addition to stylistically neutral lexical units, among commonly used words there are those that can be pronounced by every person, but only occasionally. For this, an opportunity should be presented. For example, the words: "earth", "sprawl", "newspaper", "bearded", "garden" - so different from stylistically neutral lexical units, that they can be called emotional or even expressive. This is very felt when they are pronounced. Emotional coloring is transmitted with the help of all sorts of suffixes, which can be pejorative-magnifying or diminutive-caressing, and expressiveness is achieved by the unusual representativeness of words used in speech. Saying such lexical units, a person shows his good or bad attitude to the event or object. And it is not surprising that such words are very rarely used in scientific works and business papers. Emotional-expressive lexical units are not used in all types of speech. As a rule, they are actively used in ordinary conversations, and they can also be read in printed publications. It is impossible to imagine how people would say, if not common ubiquitous words. The terms are quite another, they refer to professional vocabulary. Do not confuse them with common words. This is a gross mistake.

Dialectal and professional words that have become common

But from all the above, it does not follow that common words are a closed vocabulary, to which there is no influence. Do not think so. On the contrary, to this lexicon can be added terms (special or dialect), the use of which was previously curtailed. For example, the words: "motley", "tyrant", "boring", "burning", "loser", "regular" - were not as common in the early 19th century as they are now: their scope of use was limited to a dialect or special sphere. And now these lexical units are common. It is interesting, is not it? Commonly used words in Russian are of great interest to many researchers. In addition, they are often sought to learn about foreigners going to Russia.

Forgotten common lexical units

Also, some common lexical units may disappear from conversational speech over time, narrowing the scope of their application. For example, the words "squeamish" (dawn) and "zobat" (eat) for today are used only in several Russian dialects. Many of them do not remember. It happens that the lexical unit ceases to be generally used and becomes a professional jargon. The bulk of people are gradually forgetting this word, which is a bit sad. Common words are lexical units that can be completely erased from people's memory. Unfortunately it's true.

The popular vocabulary has the opposite - words of limited use. They can be heard while being among people of a certain profession or living in the same territory.

Dialectism

It is also necessary to consider words that are dialectal. They are used in their speech by people who inhabit a certain geographical area. Dialectical lexical units are most often used in simple conversations. And this is quite understandable. After all, the dialect refers primarily to the oral speech of people living in villages. It will be incomprehensible to an outsider. However, villagers, of course, know and common words. It would be foolish to think that they can not use them in their speech.

Than dialectisms differ from common words

What is the difference between dialect and common words? The first is characterized by a narrower field of use, in addition, they are characterized by some semantic-lexical, grammatical, and also phonetic features. Given their characteristic features, several types of dialectisms can be distinguished. Which ones?

Types of dialectisms

1. Phonetic dialectisms are specific lexical units. What can you say about them? They contain the phonetic features of a dialect: "tynyatok", "Vanka", "boccia" (in the common vocabulary this is "boiling water", "Vanka", "barrel") - belong to the South Russian; "Smoking", "person", "tsyasy", "nemchi" (in other words, "chicken", "man", "clock", "Germans") - words pronounced rather unusual, typical of several north-western dialects. To outsiders, their sound may seem somewhat strange. Of course, they are closer to common words.
2. Grammatical dialectisms are original lexical units. What is known about them? They have grammatical properties that are not characteristic of the literary language, nor do they resemble common words with their morphological structure. You can rarely hear them.
3. Lexical dialectisms are words that do not resemble common words neither meaning nor form. For example, the Indus - even, kochet - cock, gutarit - talk, recently - recently, etc.

Special and professional words

Lexical units, which can usually be heard while in a society of people of a certain type of activity, refer to special and professional words. They are used in some areas of technology and science. These two terms must be distinguished in order to understand which word is officially accepted and constantly pronounced (special), and which is expressively reinterpreted, reinterpreted after it has been borrowed from a commonly used vocabulary (professional). The latter are common in the vocabulary of people of many kinds of activity. Thus, common words sometimes give rise to professionalism.

Special vocabulary, as a rule, completely "covers" a certain special sphere of technology or science: all important ideas and concepts are denoted by strictly established terms. Professionalism is a bit different from them. They are rarely represented as a system, since they are taken from oral conversations of people belonging to a particular profession. Professionalism can be called quite emotional and vivid words. They sound very expressive. Every person needs to know what common words, dialectal and professional words are.