Stand is what?

Electromechanical machines are complex devices. Depending on the purpose, they can consist of a set of nodes, both moving and stationary. But, among other things, the machine has a frame. This is the basis on which all these nodes are secured.

What is the frame?

The frame for the machine performs the same function as the frame for the car. Relatively to it, all the drive mechanisms produce their rotational or linear motion. Therefore, the structure of the frame provides for the placement on it of all guiding and special seats, where the different nodes of the machine are located. The configurations of the frame shapes are very diverse. They are continuous or with stiffeners. The frame of small machines is often solid-cast. Bulky machines are assembled on a compound basis. The frame itself is a product that is attached to a strong foundation. According to technical standards, it must withstand not only static, but also dynamic loads. The stand must be strong and wear-resistant.

The material from which the bed is usually made is cast iron or low carbon steel. Heavy-duty machines are installed on reinforced concrete frames. High-precision machines - on the frames of artificial material based on mineral crumbs and resinous substances (synthetic). The frames of these types are not very susceptible to deformations caused by temperature.

Varieties of camps

The frame is in a cross-sectional shape a different construction with:

• Annular type of profile;
• Box-shaped profile;
• Box profile and longitudinal stiffeners;
• A box-type profile and a stiffener arranged diagonally;
• Open profile type;
• Open profile and walls are double.

In the longitudinal direction, the frame is the base with:

• Square windows;
• Windows and an edge of stiffness diagonally in one direction;
• Stiffeners in both directions (type X);
• One-piece performance of the case.

Stand at the machine

The lathe base functions as a base. It has in its design two walls of longitudinal arrangement. These walls connect the ribs together in a transverse direction. On the top of the frame there are guides, four of them. Of these four are three prismatic forms, and one is flat. In the left edge of the frame at its end is the place where the headstock is fixed. In the opposite part on the edge of the inner side of the guides, the tailstock is installed. On the bed along the guides this can be freely moved and fixed at any point. The carriage of the plate also moves along the guide rails, which are prismatic. In order to handle details with high precision, all the guide rails should be carefully machined in all planes. Also strict strictness and parallelism must be observed.

Repair work with the bed

During operation, the machine bed can be worn, which leads to the need for its repair. The basic malfunctions of a bed:

• The presence of cracks in the cast iron material. To repair small cracks, welding with electrodes from bimetal is used. When the crack reaches a size of more than 5 mm, then instead of welding, use a clamp connection. Initially, along the crack on both sides, drill holes and insert mortises from steel. Further, these bonds are connected by clamps to welding.
• Depreciation of the guide frame. To restore these parts of the frame, apply the method of scraping. Its essence lies in the fact that the planing of surfaces is done cleanly with the help of wide cutters of scraper.