Perforation of the intestine: symptoms, causes, methods of diagnosis and therapy

Perforation of the intestine is a through violation of the walls of the large or small intestine. As a result of such deformation, the organ content penetrates into the abdominal cavity. This phenomenon is called perforation. Such a violation applies to surgical diseases.

The main causes

Perforation of the intestine - this is a violation, which by themselves do not arise. There are a number of main reasons that contribute to the deformation of the small or large intestine. This list includes:

1. Intestinal obstruction.
2. Diverticulum of intestine.
3. Stool stones.
4. Necrosis of neoplasms formed on the colon.
5. Ulcerative colitis.
6. Gangrenous appendicitis, which provokes the decay of the tissues of the appendix.
7. Some infections, for example, tuberculosis or cytomegalovirus infection.
8. Open and closed injuries.

These are the main factors that result in perforation of the intestine. The causes of damage to the walls of the small or large intestine may be other. Tissue rupture often occurs as a result of getting into the gastrointestinal tract of acute homogeneous bodies: pins, needles, toothpicks, fish and meat bones.

Causes of intestinal perforation in newborns

Intestinal perforation in some cases occurs in newborn infants. Perforation in infants can be caused by such processes as:

1. Intrauterine hypoxia, which has a prolonged nature.
2. The delay in the development of certain systems.
3. Infant feeding by the enteral method.
4. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, obstruction.
5. Surgical intervention.

Punctures in newborn children are isolated cases. Several ruptures are extremely rare. As the statistics show, in girls the intestinal perforation is twice as rare as in boys.

Perforation of the intestine: symptoms

The perforation has specific symptoms. The signs of a gap can not be absent. The main sign of perforation is strong pain in the abdomen, which are accompanied by a strain of muscle tissue. With palpation, the feeling of discomfort increases. There are other signs of intestinal perforation:

1. Frequent urge to defecate.
2. Bloating.
3. Rapid pulse.
4. Nausea and vomiting.
5. Oligilation.
6. Increase in body temperature up to 39 ° С.
7. Slowed or knocked down breath. With a contraction of the diaphragm, painful sensations arise.

Breakthrough tissue with a colonoscopy

When examining the colon with a special probe, perforation of the intestine may occur. This phenomenon can be explained as follows:

1. Polyps removal - polyektamia. If this procedure is not followed carefully, a severe burn of the tissues may occur. It is in this place that a breakthrough is formed. In rare cases, damage to the intestinal wall occurs during surgery. The first signs of malaise manifest only after a few days.
2. Excess insufflation - the introduction of a powdered drug in traumatizing tissues with a colonoscope. The rupture of the walls occurs during the operation. The first signs of intestinal perforation appear immediately. Punctures in this case can be large.

Diagnosis of perforation of the intestine

The localization of the abscess with perforation of the intestine is determined by the method of palpation of the abdominal wall. The rupture is located in the place where the patient feels severe pain when touched. For diagnosis, not only finger examination, but also computer tomography, and radiography are usually used. In some cases, to establish the cause of discomfort in the abdomen is not so simple. Perforation is difficult to diagnose in patients:

1. Postponed surgical intervention associated with organ transplant.
2. Taking chemotherapeutic drugs.

Pain in the abdomen of such patients is a frequent occurrence. To install an accurate diagnosis requires a computer scan. Any intestinal perforation requires immediate surgical intervention. Exceptions are those cases where the contents of the small or large intestine penetrate the vagina and bladder. In this case, the patient can be observed the release of gases and stool during the process of urination.

Methods of treatment

Perforation of the intestine is treated only by surgical intervention. Running the process is not recommended, as this can lead to serious consequences. The patient with obvious signs of perforation of the intestine immediately hospitalized and in the shortest time they perform surgery.

The actions of doctors should be fast, but neat. With such deformations of the intestinal tissues, one should not hesitate, since irreversible processes can begin in the patient's body.

Most often, patients undergo laparoscopy. In addition, concomitant therapy of anxiety symptoms, for example, heart failure, is conducted. Scheduled examination is allowed in cases where the contents of the intestine have penetrated into the bladder or vagina.

Experts do not recommend delaying with a visit to the doctor. Curing perforation of the intestine at home is impossible. It should be noted that perforation can lead to death of the patient. After a few hours after the opening of the hole in the thick or thin intestine begins gangrene - necrosis of organs and tissues.