Lathe - parameters and application

The main purpose of the lathe is the treatment of the face, inner and outer surfaces of the bodies of revolution. Also on many models of these machines you can cut various types of threads. And the main cutting tools that are used for turning are various cutters. Such as through, end, undercut, boring, detachable, threaded and others. The holes on the lathe are made with drills, countersinks and reamers. A tap and dies cut the carving.

Lathe - parameters

The lathe, depending on the position of the axis of rotation, can be vertical or horizontal. Also, its main parameters include the largest diameter of the part, which can be processed over its bed. Another characteristic of the lathe is the distance between its centers. This determines the largest linear dimension of the workpiece on the machine. And the third main parameter is the largest diameter of the workpiece over the support. In addition, the machine characteristics indicate the range of spindle revolutions, the largest diameter of the rod, which can pass through the spindle, the size of the spindle cone (metric or Morse), as well as the largest height of the chisel fixed in the tool holder.

Lathe - longitudinal and transverse support

The incisors on the lathes are mounted in the tool holder, which in turn is located on the support. And with it, the cutting tool moves during machining. The support consists of a longitudinal support or a lower slide. They move along the workpiece along the guides located on the frame. And the transverse movement of the toolholder with the tool is provided, respectively, by the transverse support. The movement to both of these supports is transferred from the feed box through the lead screw or the drive shaft. It is also possible to manually move with the help of flywheels.

The base is the base of the lathe

Any lathe is not possible without a bed. On it there is a headstock in which the gearbox and spindle are assembled, as well as the guides of the tailstock and caliper. On the spindle, a lathe chuck or other device is used to clamp the parts. A drip tray is attached to the frame, in which chips and coolant are collected. Well, the tailstock is quietly moving and fixed at any point of the bed. In it, with the help of the Morse cone, a rotating center is mounted, designed to support long parts, or tools designed to process holes.

Lathe for metal 16K20

And the most common are universal machines, in particular, such as 16K20. It is designed for turning, drilling, boring and threading. This machine is characterized by sufficient power and stiffness, a large feed range and spindle speeds. It is used in large-scale, small-scale and single-shot production. And now the lathe 16K20 can be found almost in every enterprise, although it was produced in the USSR.

CNC Lathe

CNC machines are more modern high-tech equipment. On them, the parts are processed under the control programs. And these machines have many advantages over their "manual" brethren. They are faster and easier to rebuild from one type of parts to others. To do this, it is enough to make a new program in the memory of the controlling computer. Products after processing on this machine are more accurate. And the time for processing each part is significantly reduced due to its high speed and the lack of supportive actions. And such machines are intended for large-scale production.