Stair flights - construction

As the construction business develops, the design of the stairs is also improved. The most widespread in country houses and cottages have received constructions from a tree. Wood is the most technologically and environmentally friendly material for the internal arrangement of living quarters. In the manufacture of stairs, constructive solutions are used that were built by the builders of the whole world during the entire development of human civilization. There are the following types of structures: a straight staircase, a screw, with a turn of 90 ° or 180 °. The most common type is marching. The name comes from the fact that the stairs were called "ladder marches". March flights can consist of one straight section or several connected by a turntable. The turn just happens 90 ° or 180 °. It can be executed not only by a platform, but also by a fan arrangement of steps.

Sizing

Stair flights are the main elements of the ladder design, and their parameters are the determining factor that affects the entire functionality of the structure. From their dimensions depends on the steepness, the occupied area, width, height and number of steps. When designing the entire structure, the calculation of the ladder march begins with the determination of the ratio between the height of the climb along the ladder and the distance of travel along it forwards. This ratio determines the angle of inclination or slope of the ladder. A slope of 30 ° is considered the best option. That is, the ratio of the height of the ladder and its horizontal projection will be 1: 2 or 1: 1.75. Calculate the height of the step (or in the construction terminology, you can find the term "height of the riser") and its width (width of the tread) can be used using the formula

2b + a = 570 - 640mm (average human step)

Usually these dimensions are taken within the range of 150 - 160 mm for the step height and 270 - 320 mm for its width. It is also necessary to observe the distance from any step to the ceiling or any protruding elements - at least 2 m. But it happens that the opening between the floors is small, and make a slope of a gentle opportunity is not. Then the steepness of the gradient is increased to 45 °. Only in this way can the standard of distance from the ceiling to the steps be maintained. According to building standards, stairways should be at least 900 mm wide. Usually the number of steps in the ladder march can be from 3 to 16. If there are less than three of them, then it will not be a ladder march, but a doorway. If the steps are more than 16, then the person will be tired on it. Two marches, located side by side and having a counter direction, should have a distance between them not less than 10 cm.

Fencing

Stair flights are equipped with handrails as fences. For any interstorey ladder , fencing is required . Enclosures of stair flights are performed in the following order. On each march, from above and below, there are wooden beams, so-called balusters, which serve as the basis for the handrail. Balusters are fastened by means of grooves or metal studs. In addition, one or two steps are attached to the intermediate support posts. Balusters and intermediate racks are cut at the same angle corresponding to the staircase slope. The handrails are fastened from above.