Stacked foundation by own hands: step by step instruction, technology

For small buildings with a bulk weight of about 1000 kg / m ^3, one of the best solutions is the foundation of the pillars located in the ground at a certain depth. Telling about how to erect a columnar foundation with their own hands the step-by-step instruction is quite suitable even for a person who possesses the elementary skills of construction.

To do this, you need to carefully and correctly choose materials, calculate and familiarize yourself with the technology of erection in all details.

If you follow the feedback of developers, the advantages of the columnar foundation are as follows:

• A wide variety of materials that allow you to properly distribute the load;
• Acceptable cost and low consumption of materials;
• Small amount of construction;
• Good adaptation to heavy loads.

For heavy buildings and with a high level of groundwater columnar foundation is not suitable.

How to calculate the foundation

When designing the house independently, it is always known from which materials it will be erected.

1. Determination of the loads on the house. The weight of all parts of the building is easy to determine. To them are added seasonal loads and the weight of objects inside. It also takes into account the influence of grillage, usually made of reinforced concrete with a volume weight of 2400 kg / m ³ .

2. Assessment of the nature of the soil. The pillar foundation for the house with its own hands is usually built without laboratory studies of the composition and properties of the soil. The main indicator is its resistance, which is determined by the tables and is in the range of 1-6 kg / cm ² . Its value depends on the composition and porosity of the soil.

3. Number of poles. The bearing capacity of the pillars depends on the area of the supporting surface. Bored piles are usually used . It is desirable that at the bottom they have an extension (shoe). It is important to consider the composition of the concrete mixture and reinforcement. The size of the pitch between the supports depends on the calculation and does not exceed 2.5 m. It is necessary to have them at all corners, in the places where the walls meet, under the beams and in places of concentrated loads.

Foundation material

You can choose many options for how to erect a columnar foundation with your own hands. Materials can be very different, but they must necessarily be of high quality. They are as follows:

• Wood - for light houses, baths, saunas;
• Red brick - for houses of medium gravity;
• Rubble stone - for buildings with weighted parts;
• Reinforced concrete - for heavy buildings.

Column foundation with grillage. Step-by-step instruction for erection

The construction of houses is not so difficult when all work is divided into separate and interconnected steps, smoothly passing one into another. If you are building a columnar foundation yourself, the step-by-step instruction should include all the stages of work:

1. Preparation . The construction site is cleared and a layer of chernozem is removed under the base. If there is a soil containing clay under it, it is necessary to fill the sand layer with gravel.

The site is leveled horizontally with the help of a level. To it the convenient approach of motor transport with materials and mixers with concrete is provided.

2. Layout of the house plan. First note the contours of the structure and the place under the pillars, which are located strictly along the axes. The corners of the foundation of the house must necessarily be straight. Checking the correctness of the alignment along the center lines, as well as the lower mark of the trench for compliance with the design.

3. Digging pits under the pillars. The foundation is shallow (70-100 cm) and standard (from 100 cm). The first option is better suited for rocky and sandy soil. On the clay and wet section, the pillars must be buried deep. It is not necessary to dig pits: if possible, the posts are clogged or screwed with screw piles. The most common and cheap way is drilling wells and pouring them with concrete.

4. Concreting. At the bottom of the pit is laid a pillow of sand and gravel mixture. The pillars are concreted directly in the ground, when it does not crumble. In all other cases a formwork of the following materials is installed:

- Boards of width not more than 155 mm, planed on the side of concrete.

- Finished shields of metal.

- Pipes are ceramic, asbestos-cement or metal. Numerous reviews indicate the benefits of using pipes, especially on inclined to shear and loose soil.

- Ruberoid, rolled up and reinforced with wire or reinforcing mesh from the outside.

At the bottom of the lining rolls waterproofing with overlapping on the walls, to prevent the flow of the solution through the cracks of the formwork.

5. Mounting of fittings. The pillars are reinforced in the longitudinal direction by steel rods. They are installed in a pit vertically and tied with clamps. Part of the reinforcement should protrude 15-30 cm above the foundation for further connection with the grillage.

6. Installation of poles. If the supports are laid with concrete, it is fed with layers with a vibrator seal. Inside, the cavity should not remain to enhance strength. Concrete should not be too liquid or thick to further provide the necessary strength and prevent cracks. Before the set of necessary strength, it is covered with a film and moistened.

When they spread the columnar foundation from the brick with their own hands, it is cemented with cement mortar.

Deviation from the horizontal is allowed not more than 15 mm. Correct the distortions in the future will be difficult. When laying, there should not be any slots.

After solidification, the supports are covered with mastic or bitumen for waterproofing. Coatings are applied in 2 coats with laying between them and outside the strips of the roofing material.

Errors in laying the foundation

Developers who build their own houses on their own should not allow miscalculations with foundations that significantly affect the durability of buildings. In most cases, the errors are as follows:

1. Uneven subsidence of the structure due to insufficient depth of pillars or their various depressions.
2. Uneven distribution of load on poles.
3. Application for building materials of poor quality.
4. The composition and characteristics of the soil have not been evaluated.

In order to properly construct a columnar foundation with their own hands, a step-by-step instruction should be fully implemented during construction.

Production of grillage

To equalize the load on the poles and prevent the transverse displacement of the house, the instruction to create a columnar foundation involves linking the poles into a common monolithic structure using a grill - the horizontal fastening bars. It is built at a height from the ground level.

For the construction of used timber, profiles of metal or reinforced concrete. Particular attention is paid to the location of the grillage to the pillars, since its reliability determines the stability of the entire building.

For the erection of a reinforced concrete base along the perimeter of the structure and in the places of the bearing walls, wooden formwork is fixed. Inside the frame is installed from the armature, firmly connect it with the protruding rods of the pillars, and then lay the concrete mixture. The surface of the grill is leveled and covered with a film from drying.

When concrete will gain strength, build a waterproofing on top and proceed to install the floors and cocking the walls.

Complete instructions for the installation of the columnar foundation also include operations for the construction of waterproofing and vials.

Waterproofing grillage

On the top of the grill is waterproofing. It is equipped in many ways, of which the most common are:

1. Above is applied bitumen and mixed with it ruberoid.
2. The cement mortar is spread on the grillage in a mixture with sand 1: 2. Then ruberoid is laid.

The device of a swab

The underground space is protected from the atmospheric influence by equipping the fence - fences between the supports. It is made of wood, brick or stone. Bottom lay a screed of concrete, which serves as a base. To do this, first make a trench and fill the bottom with sand. For the screed, formwork is installed from the planks and the reinforcing cage. The connection of the vial with the supports is not done to avoid the appearance of cracks in it when the house is drafted.

The plinth is trying to do higher, which makes the structure look attractive. It corresponds to the height of the supports.

Column-and-tape foundation

The base of the pillars, combined with a monolithic concrete frame, combines all the advantages of both types of bases. When a columnar-tape foundation is erected, the step-by-step instruction is the same as for the construction with a grillage. Supports penetrate far into the depth, creating a reliable protection against seasonal soil movements.

They are rigidly connected with the ribbon shallow base, which passes under the bearing walls of the structure. The entire structure is poured with concrete at the same time, as a result of which it becomes monolithic and durable. When the solution is prepared independently, the concrete is laid in layers. The use of vibrators is mandatory to maximally remove air bubbles from the mass.

Conclusion

Various versions of the columnar foundation are widely used in private housing construction. It is characterized by high reliability, rapid construction and minimal consumption of building materials.

Having elementary skills, many developers can build a columnar foundation with their own hands. Step-by-step instruction will help to avoid mistakes and to make the basis reliable.