Signs of breast cancer

One of the most common malignant neoplasms in women is a breast tumor. In medicine, such tumors are called cancers or oncology. They do not often have strong sex. The first sign of breast cancer manifests itself as a dense, painless, nonsmooth, single knot that eventually grows, penetrates the epidermis, muscles and fascia. Usually metastases appear first of all in the regional lymph nodes, later on in remote organs of the person, such as: lungs, liver, bones, etc.

It is accepted to divide the development of cancer into four stages.

Stage 1 - in the mammary gland develop a tumor size of 3 centimeters, metastases are not observed.

Stage 2 (a) - at this stage the tumor reaches 5 centimeters already and begins to pass to the fiber, here you can observe the first signs of breast cancer, the so-called syndromes of the entrainment - you need to collect the skin over the tumor in the folds and you will see how it appears Wrinkledness of the skin. There are no regional metastases.

Stage 2 (b) - with it all the same signs of breast cancer are noted , as in the previous case, only the axillary metastases appear.

Stage 3 (a and b) - multiple metastases are formed in tumors of various diameters that are found in the subscapular, axillary, or subclavian lymph nodes. You can observe the symptom of the "orange peel" located above the tumor, it is manifested due to an incorrect outflow of lymph. Here you can see such signs of breast cancer, like funnel-like drawing of the skin slightly above the tumor.

Stage 4 - the spread of cancer passes to other organs.

There are rare varieties of cancer, such as: erysipelas, its symptoms - instant reddening of the skin around the breast , spreading further along the trunk; And mastitis-like, passing acutely, with increased body temperature, edema, severe pain, as well as Paget's cancer. The last of these forms of cancer originates in the nipple and areola, with the time the nipple decreases, then disappears, and flat, dense plaques appear. The entire process is slow, step by step infection of the breast tissue, metastases occur.

It is necessary to differentiate the breast tumor, which is of an oncological nature, from a benign, nodular type of mastopathy, as well as from chronic purulent and purulent mastitis. The final diagnosis can be detected only after carrying out a histological examination (biopsy of the flesh) of dense tissue sites in the mammary gland, if there are signs of breast cancer. The cancer is most effective in the early stages of treatment. Most often, the patients turn themselves for help, accidentally seeing the swelling during dressing or bathing. Sometimes the reason is the discharge from the nipple. If the cancer is confirmed, the patient is immediately sent to the oncologist.

Preventive measures of oncological diseases occurring in the mammary gland are treatment and prevention of premalignant diseases. The first step to detect cancer in the early stages is to more clearly inform citizens about the disease, to insist that a woman conducts self-examination. An important role is played by preventive systematic examinations, in which it is possible to detect signs of breast cancer and mastopathy. If, during self-examination, a woman discovers mammary gland asymmetry, observes partial entrainment of the nipple, skin, or marks some swelling, then it is necessary to consult a mammologist for advice. Observance of personal hygiene is important, especially during pregnancy, and also after delivery. Care of nipples during breastfeeding plays a big role. This prevents the appearance of cracks in the nipples and mastitis.

Treatment of oncological neoplasms arising in the mammary gland, as a rule, combined: radiation, chemotherapeutic, surgical or hormonal. Treatment depends on age, hormonal balance and stage of the woman's disease, etc. The main method, as a rule, is a radical operation to remove the tumor.