Roof plan: drawing and design rules. How to draw a roof plan?

The construction industry has been experiencing a process of rapid development for several years in a row. Annually hundreds and thousands of new houses are being built. And it can be both multi-storey massifs and private cottages. It is the owners of the latter who try to take part in the construction to the maximum, embodying all their ideas in a new family nest. One of the important stages of building a house is the installation of a roof. In order for the result of the work to be of high quality and reliability, it is necessary to develop a roof plan, according to which the work will be carried out.

Basic information

The configuration of the roof can be completely different - one-pitched, multi-pitched, hip, gable, etc. There are also a lot of materials that can ensure the reliability of the coating - metal, slate, corrugated board, metal, etc. The roof scheme allows to ensure the correct calculation of the required The amount of materials for its erection, and also makes it possible to clearly determine the stages of work.

The roof plan is a drawing on which the roof is depicted in several layers. Each of them corresponds to a certain stage of construction. So, usually on paper reflect the scheme of placement of structural elements (rafters, load beams, laths) or solid base, lining carpet, endovaya carpet, roofing material. Also, the roof plan contains a mapping of the points of fixing the drain pipes and ventilation. The places of joints, ends and dormer windows are taken out in separate schemes, which help to accurately determine the placement of the roofing cake.

The main types of roofs and their dignity

Before proceeding directly to the installation of the roof, it is necessary to determine the materials for heat, steam and waterproofing. It is necessary to develop an accurate plan with the application of the dimensions of the structure. After the roof construction is known and the necessary quantity of necessary building materials is purchased, it is possible to start installing this element of the house.

In order to determine the final form of the roof, it is necessary to know what types it is. There are 6 main categories:

• One-stage;
• Gable;
• Multi-stage;
• Semi-fine;
• Hip;
• Gable.

The simplest option for the development are roofs without kinks (that is, flat roof plan), but still most often in homes are installed hip and multi-roof. That is why the correctness of the calculation of materials and loads on the bearing elements comes to the fore, because in the end you want to get high-quality and reliable protection, while not overpaying for building materials.

In multi-pitched roofs, the surfaces often have the shape of regular trapezoids or triangles. The slopes of the hip roof can have completely different shapes. This contributes to the creation of a unique kind of roof in particular and the house as a whole.

How to draw a diagram?

In the event that the roof plan is not yet fully ready, and the roofing system has already been assembled, then it is possible to start measuring. The height from the ridge to the overlap is first determined. If the roof consists of more than one level, then measurements are taken for each of them.

For greater clarity, a rafter system drawing is created in the profile. This will correctly calculate the roof area. At the same time, do not forget that if the design consists of simple elements, the areas of which are easy to calculate, the total value of this parameter for the roof will be slightly larger due to the presence of overhangs.

Let's consider the calculation of a single-pitched roof in more detail, with a breakdown of the plan into components and an explanation of the formulas.

Example of area calculation

It should be said that the roof plan of an industrial building is almost no different from the development of a plan for a simple flat roof of a private house.

The area of the roof is calculated quite simply. If the roof is gable, then first calculate the area of one ramp, and then the resulting number is simply multiplied by 2. There should be no problems, since the planes often have a rectangular shape. Therefore, the area formula will have the form: S = a x b, where a and b are the length and width of the slope, respectively. But here it is important to take into account such parameters as front and cornice overhangs.

For a single-pitched roof, the calculation is the same - just multiply the length (house length + overhang) by the width of the roof (house width + overhang).

The difference between flat roof and pitched

To build a flat roof, bitumen, polymer-bitumen or polymer materials are used, which require the organization of a solid foundation. It is these roofs that are most often found in various industrial facilities. The elasticity of the material itself makes it possible to absorb thermal and mechanical effects, while it is not susceptible to deformation. The basis for such a coating may be cement screed, load-bearing slabs or a layer of thermal insulation.

The flat roof plan is often a carrier plate covered with steam and heat insulators. To protect against moisture penetration, the "carpet" is finished with a waterproofing film. This method of erecting a roof is common in the construction of industrial facilities, private residential and economic buildings.

Flat structures can be both unexploited and exploitable. What does this mean? In the first case, you can not leave the roof (except for cases of repair and prevention). In the second on it you can create a recreation area, a garden or even a whole parking lot.

Roof plan: drawing design rule

In order to properly draw a plan, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the norms for creating schemes of buildings. Regardless of the type of roof (flat or pitched), it is necessary to calculate the number of gutters. They must be indicated in the plan. The drawing is divided into several equal rectangles, each of which draws gutters, communications, ventilation hatches and windows.

According to the plan, the number of materials for the construction of the roof is calculated. It is necessary to keep in mind a certain size of the stock. This will help to avoid problems with the lack of building materials at the time of the roof. If we take strictly the amount of resources that resulted from the calculations, then in 90% of cases it simply does not suffice. This is due to the fact that sometimes the roofing material can be rejected or at the time of construction it becomes clear that overlaps should be more.

The last recommendation

About how to draw a plan of the roof, written a lot. There are examples in specialized literature. Only after studying it, you can create a really high-quality drawing, which will be built an excellent roof. In most cases, it is much easier to contact construction companies that offer this type of service. Professionals will be able to take into account all the wishes of the customer and develop a plan that can satisfy all his requests.