Filling the floors with your own hands. Technology of pouring warm and filler floors, necessary mixtures for starting work

The room is formed by three main surfaces, each of which is subject to certain requirements. Within the framework of the article one of them will be considered, namely, gender. It is on him the maximum load: static from furniture and household items, as well as dynamic - from moving around people. Filling the floors with your own hands is one of the most inexpensive options for leveling this surface under the finish coat.

The basis for them is mainly served by slabs, which, when mounted, make it difficult to achieve the required accuracy. Moreover, by themselves these elements have certain tolerances and deviations from the ideal plane. The screed device from concrete allows to level the surface. The cement-sand mixture best fills all depressions and as close as possible to the ideal.

Floors can also serve to heat the room. For this purpose, heating elements are introduced into the concrete screed array. It can be pipelines for heating medium from the heating system or a special electrical cable. Heaters are laid out over the entire surface of the floor or part of it in a certain way to ensure uniform heating.

Materials and tools needed for the screed device

The cement-sand mixture is prepared directly at the site of work or delivered with a special car-concrete mixer. The latter method is usually used for work in low-rise buildings. The finished mixture for floor pouring has a relatively short shelf life and should be used quickly.

This circumstance requires a large number of workers and a good organization of their work. More often used another technology with the preparation of mixtures on site by hand or by machine - in a concrete mixer. Mechanization of work significantly reduces labor intensity and increases the pace of work. In the absence of necessary equipment, it can be purchased on a free sale or rented.

The list of necessary materials for the preparation of mixtures includes the following components:

• Cement 400 or 500, which is the link between individual particles of filler;
• Sand quarry, sifted and washed;
• Crushed stone of fine fraction - it serves as the main filler for the concrete screed, the quality of the coating depends on the size of its particles;
• Water technical;
• Special additives - plasticizers and modifiers, improving the properties of the mixture and accelerating its drying.

The quality of all components and the exact adherence to the technology are decisive factors in the arrangement of a durable and wear-resistant coating.

Surface preparation for work

At this stage, it is necessary to remove the old coating to the base and any delamination of the base material or the outwardly sticking bars of the reinforcement. Then you should sweep the floor well, remove contamination from oil products and take out all foreign objects from the room. The floor screed can be monolithic or floating. So, pouring a warm floor without the presence of damping elements along the walls can lead to damage to either walls or floors.

As such an interlayer, a polymer elastic band, arranged along the perimeter, can act. It will compensate for the thermal expansion of the screed due to heating. The second important element in the arrangement of such a screed is the presence of a waterproofing and heat-insulating layer. They will ensure minimum energy consumption during operation of the warm floor.

Beacon Installation

For the most precise alignment of the surface and giving it horizontal, a special technological technique is used. It consists in the fact that across the room are set the slats along which the rule is moved. Thus, the most complete approximation to the ideal plane is achieved. T-shaped steel bars are used as beacons, which are installed on quick-drying gypsum-containing mixtures.

The definition and marking of the horizon are carried out by instrumental methods, for which specialists use laser instruments or hydraulic levels. Visually, the highest point is found on which the mark on the nearest wall is made. The floor level is set at an excess of the total thickness of all layers, taking into account that it should not be more than 40 and less than 20 mm for the screed.

Pouring floors with their own hands begins with the laying of a waterproofing layer of roofing material or a dense polymer film. On top of it, thermal insulation is made of extruded polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam. The next stage is the installation of beacons on prepared mortar. To speed up and simplify the process, it is possible to use threads stretched between the walls by the marks of the floor level.

Preparation of cement-sand mortar

Pouring the concrete floor with their own hands is made by mixtures of industrial or own preparation. To do this, it is necessary to place cement, sand and crushed stone in a certain proportion in a concrete mixer or a specially prepared container, first mix them thoroughly dry, then pour in water and mix again until a homogeneous mass is obtained.

The ratio of components is determined by the cement brand and its quality. When using a binder with marking 500, it is necessary to add three to four parts of sand and the same amount of rubble to its one part. The amount of water is determined, as a rule, by eye so that the finished mixture has a consistency of sour cream of medium density. Too liquid solution will spread, and thick will be difficult to distribute evenly.

Filling of floors with mixtures

It is better to perform this operation with an assistant who will serve the solution. In general, the pouring of floors with their own hands is as follows:

• The finished mixture is recruited from the container into the buckets and placed between the beacons;
• With the help of the rule it is distributed evenly;
• The movement of the tool is made on the beacons, the movement must be wavy, rather than straight.

In this case, the solution is distributed with less resistance and more evenly. When smoothing, care should be taken to ensure that no voids or cavities remain. Their filling is performed by a return movement with the capture of a small amount of the mixture. The fill starts from the farthest corner with a gradual movement towards the exit. The process is carried out along the stripes along the beacons until the entire floor surface in the room is completely filled.

Finishing of the floor surface

The time for complete drying of the concrete screed is from two to six weeks. This coating is suitable for laying ceramic tiles, linoleum or laminate. However, if some innovative technologies, such as bulk 3D floor coverings, are applied, a thin layer of self-leveling mixture must be applied to the concrete screed .

The modern technology of pouring the filling floor provides the following order of the process:

• At the interface between the leveling layer and the wall, a special thermo-compensating tape must be laid, which will avoid the destruction of the screed due to thermal expansion;
• In the room it is necessary to ensure the optimum temperature (not lower than 15 ° C) and the absence of drafts that can provoke too rapid drying and cracking of the layer;
• Before starting the priming the substrate is primed to ensure the best adhesion of the coating to the surface.

For different materials, special formulations have been developed. So, for porous and layered bases primers with high penetrating ability are applied. They can be applied by roller to speed up the process, however, in places where reliable impregnation is not ensured, a brush of the appropriate size should be used.

Preparation and application of mixtures

A special dry composition is supplied in bags with a packaging of 50, 25 and 10 kg, the calculation of the required amount is carried out according to special tables. The mixture is poured into a pre-prepared container, then water is added. This should be done gradually, constantly mixing. As a device for preparing the mixture, a drill with a speed regulator with a special nozzle is used.

Pouring the filling floor with your hands is carried out in two stages: the first layer - the base layer, the second - the final one. The prepared mixture is poured onto the base and distributed over it. The best tool for this is a special roller type brush. The size of the protrusions is selected in such a way as to ensure the removal of air bubbles.

The final (finishing) layer is poured after a few days. The mixture is applied to the surface and redistributed along it. A roller with spines is used. Complete polymerization and drying of the coating takes place within a few days. To increase wear resistance, the floors are covered with a special transparent polyurethane varnish.

Conclusion

Qualitative filling of floors by own hands is quite possible, only it is necessary to strictly adhere to the described technology and to have in the condition materials. Step-by-step descriptions and instructions allow you to work with all the nuances