Preposition, union, particle: spelling

The preposition, the union, the particle do not refer to the independent, but to the service parts of speech. This means they can not themselves name objects, properties, states, actions. Without them, proposals can be dispensed, while they themselves can not form an offer without the participation of independent parts of speech . However, the role of official words in speech should not be underestimated: prepositions, conjunctions and particles are needed in order to express semantic and formal relations between independent words within the sentences. The service parts of speech themselves never act as members of a sentence.

Morphological feature

All conjunctions, particles, prepositions possess their own morphological features. The only common morphological characteristic of them is immutability. Now consider each of these service parts of speech in detail.

Pretext

Union, the particle connect (the first) and add to the words the shades of meaning (the latter). And the task of a preposition in a sentence or phrase is to link words to the correct grammatical constructions. For example: go to school, play the piano, jump over the fence, practice for a year, etc.

There are three types of prepositions.

• Simple: in, on, to, under, over, behind, before, at, before, through, etc.
• Complex: from under, from behind, etc.
• Compound: for the reason, at the time, despite, in relation to, etc.

According to their origin and way of formation, prepositions are derivatives, that is, emerged from other parts of speech, and non-productive ones.

• Derived prepositions can be formed from adverbs: around, along, near, etc.
• They can appear from the nominal parts of speech: during, in relation, about, at the expense, in view of, etc.
• They can also occur from verbs: thanks, later, including, etc.

Split or separately?

The spelling of prepositions, conjunctions and particles is usually reduced to a merged, separate, or spelling using a hyphen.

• We merge the following prepositions:

Along, in defiance of, in view of, like, instead of, by, about, by.

• Separately we write prepositions:

During, in conclusion, in continuation, in order, in effect, in proportion, for a reason.

• With a hyphen we write prepositions:

From behind, from above.

Semantic connections

What kind of relationship between significant words can express excuses? Unions and particles, we will note, also have their official values, which we will discuss below.

Prepositions express such meanings:

• Object: I miss you, think about us, stood up for him at the meeting;
• Spatial: I went out of the country, I pass through the theater, I will live in Alaska;
• Temporary: I'll drop in a week, find out during the day; During the week heavy rains poured;
• Target: to fight for the idea, to live for the sake of truth, to donate for memory;
• Causal: did not fly away because of the bad weather, found thanks to friends, fell behind because of illness;
• Determinative: trousers in stripes, simulator with timer, fur with undercoat;
• Comparative: the size of the marigold, the face went to the mother, and the character - to the father;
• Way of action: laughing through force, thinking with tension, watching without much interest.

How to distinguish prepositions from other parts of speech?

Sometimes the official part of speech - a preposition, an alliance, a particle - can be incorrectly recognized as an independent one. However, there are techniques by which they can be clearly differentiated.

• In order not to confuse the preposition with the adverb, it is necessary to make sure that a noun or pronoun follows it. Compare: Around a vase with jam the bee / vase with jam was flying stood on the table, a bee was flying around.
• On the difference between the preposition and the combination of the noun with the preposition, the ending will beep. In the preposition, it is invariable, and in the noun it can change when used with different pretexts: during the season / during the rivers, to the flow of rivers, from the course of rivers, to the flow of rivers, etc.
• The preposition, despite being similar to the gospel, differs from it in meaning. For example: despite the rain, the match took place / not looking at me, he quickly left the room. The meaning of the first sentence with the pretext: although it was raining, the match was not canceled, it took place. The meaning of the second sentence with gerunds: without looking at me, he left the room.

We have clarified the main difficulties that can cause a pretext.

Union

A particle as a service part of speech is capable, for example, of changing the morphological characteristics of words (for example, creating a verb conditional or imperative mood). Such a privilege did not belong to the union. The task of this official part of speech is only to connect homogeneous terms and simple sentences within a complex one.

Types of unions

By structure, unions are simple and complex, and in meaning - coherent and subordinate.

Writers exist to connect homogeneous terms and simple simple equal simple sentences within a complex one. They, in turn, are divided into three types.

• Connecting: Brother and sister were similar to each other. We installed the antenna, and also specified the coordinates. Bread and porridge are our food.
• Opposing: He went out, but did not close the door. I read, but she listens. And Vaska listens and eats. We did not see Chaliapin, but we heard his voice.
• Separating: Not that evening, not that morning in the yard. Get down to business or leave. I want to know this secret, or I do not sleep at night.

Subordinate unions have a more intricate role-they link simple ones within a complex sentence, one of which is subordinate to the other. Therefore, this category of unions has several meanings.

• Causal: I got a five because I knew the lesson well. In view of the fact that the air temperature exceeds the permissible norm, school classes are canceled.
• Target: Arseny came to see Katya. In order to grow chicks, you need skill and care.
• Temporary: Until the furnace burns out, we will not die of hunger and cold. Hardly the fog dissipated, Gavrila saw the shore. Since you left, we have not looked in this room.
• Conditional: I'll do it if you help me. I'll go, if you're home.
• Comparative: He saw all the shortcomings, as if through a magnifying glass. It was as if I was asleep from the eyes.
• Explanatory: Our ancestors thought that the earth rests on three whales.
• Conjunctive: He was agile, although small.
• Consequences: You made a choice, so do not be angry.

Features of spelling of unions

The spelling of conjunctions (prepositions, particles) obeys the general rule - they can not be confused with constructions in which the nominal parts of speech are combined with prepositions or particles.

• Unions too, also, that , but write together: "I hurried to Nina, she, too, was waiting for the meeting." "He jumped from the fire, so as not to get burned." "It's harder to create more difficult, but more honorable."
• Pronouns with particles are written separately: "It was the same dress in which she played Chopin". "My dear, what would we do without you!" "Just do it for what you mean."

Particle

This service part of the speech has two tasks. First, it introduces new shades of meaning into the meaning of the word, and secondly, it forms new forms of words. Therefore, the particles are divided into two categories.

Form-forming particles allow the verb to be used in the imperative and conditional moods. These words come on, let, and etc. Examples: " Let the music burst!" "I would like to see this city".

Semantic particles attach different lexical nuances to words and sentences. They come in several forms.

• Negative: He was not the hero of my novel. I did not mean to offend you.
• Interrogative: Was it true that you knew Napoleon? Is it really a cliff?
• Exclamation: What a voice! How good!
• Indications: This plant has not been watered for a long time. There goes our teacher.
• Clarifying: These are your words. This girl is exactly our Arishka.
• Amplifying: Paul thought about her, he had loved her for a long time. Even in the days of the greatest despair, there was a spark of hope in us.
• With the meaning of doubt: The Maestro is unlikely to play today.
• Restrictive-excretory: And in the estate, it will be your expanse! Everywhere it was quiet, only in the grove the leaves rustled softly.

It is important not to confuse the sense particle with the postfix, which forms indefinite pronouns. Compare: we somehow know who was on the ship (particle). Once it is necessary to begin (postfix).

Let's clarify details

We will focus on whether and how the particle is different, as a preposition, as an alliance. The preposition is not in the Russian language, but the particle and the union both have different functions and significance, since they are in each case different parts of speech. Examples:

• How good, how fresh the roses were! (A particle with an exclamatory semantic tinge).
• I learned how bitter slave labor (an explanatory union).
• The kitten was black, like a wax (a comparative union).

Do not confuse them.

We found out the role and peculiarities of spelling of official words. Common to them is that their use is meaningless without the participation of nominal parts of speech, so do not interfere in one heap alliances, pronouns, particles, prepositions, adverbs and other speech components.