Prediabetes: symptoms, sugar level. Pre-diabetes diet

Prediabetes - symptoms of impaired glucose absorption, in which a person is not a diabetic, but also does not belong to the number of healthy ones. From the point of view of physiology, dysfunction of the pancreas begins at this stage. Insulin is produced, only much less in volume than necessary.

Methods of diagnosis

Prediabetes characterizes a slightly elevated level of sugar after eating. Glucose loading requires an increase in insulin production, and disruption of the pancreas does not allow to synthesize the necessary level of the hormone. There are 2 ways to predict the development of prediabetes with the help of laboratory tests.

The first is based on the patient taking a special solution, which contains 75 g of pure glucose. After a few hours, the blood sugar should not exceed 7.8 mmol / l. If the level is determined within 7.8-11 mmol / l, there is a place to be prediabetes. The second way to detect the disease is to measure glycated hemoglobin in a few months. The percentage level will range from 5.5-6.1%, which is an intermediate result between healthy people and diabetics.

Risk factors

Diabetes occurs for various reasons, it is important to pay attention to warning signs in time. High risks of pre-diabetes development in humans:

• Over 45 years of age;
• With excessive body weight;
• With a genetic predisposition;
• With low physical activity;
• With gestational diabetes of pregnant women;
• A close relationship with the Americans, the Indians and the peoples of the Pacific islands.

What do those who fit the above criteria? It is necessary to pay attention to other complaints and consult with a doctor. The disease is easily treated with medication, a healthy diet and an active lifestyle.

Prediabetes: symptoms

There are many signs of diabetes that are known in society. Among them, the most common are complaints of persistent thirst, itching and frequent urination. Less specific are symptoms such as:

• insomnia;
• Visual impairment;
• Disorders of the heart and vessels;
• weight loss;
• Convulsions, fever;
• Pain in the head and limbs.

The most important and direct sign is an increased level of sugar in the blood. In a condition that precedes type II diabetes, the results of laboratory tests range from 5.5 to 6.9 mmol / L.

Treatment

What to do when the most pleasant diagnosis is inevitably approaching - prediabetes? Symptoms already make themselves felt, the survey confirmed fears. First you need to calm down, you can cope with prediabetes. Treatment is appointed complex. In addition to the medications that recommend to take an endocrinologist, be sure to observe a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary:

• Adhere to a diet (№8 or №9);
• Increase physical activity;
• Get rid of bad habits;
• To direct all forces on struggle against excess weight.

One of the key elements of treatment is proper nutrition. Healthy food can restore the pancreas and reduce the risk of complications of prediabetes. Only an active life position will help get rid of unpleasant symptoms and restore health.

Diet with pre-diabetes № 8

Designed for the category of people struggling with excess weight, because of which developed prediabetes. Symptoms of the disease will reduce the intensity of manifestation with proper nutritional correction. The treatment table involves limiting the intake of carbohydrates and fats. The diet is made on the basis of low-calorie foods, rich in vitamins and enzymes, which contribute to the acceleration of the metabolic process.

It is not recommended to eat fat meat or fish broths, spicy, fried, smoked products, pastry from dough.

Allowed by the diet number 8 products

In a daily ration you can include:

• Bread of rye or coarse grinding;
• Some milk and dairy products;
• skim cheese;
• Dietary varieties of meat and fish in boiled form;
• Low-fat soups on vegetable broth;
• Buckwheat, pearl barley;
• Vegetables, fruits with a small content of natural sugar;
• Light-salted products.

It is recommended to drink about 1.5-2 liters of water except for other fluids consumed during the day.

Example menu with pre-diabetes № 8

Focus on a similar diet:

1. Breakfast - egg, vegetable salad with vegetable oil, bread with butter.
2. Lunch - boiled dietary meat (chicken, rabbit, beef), buckwheat, fresh vegetables or fruit.
3. Snack - soup on vegetable broth, sauerkraut, a little toasted meat, fruit, bread.
4. Supper - fish boiled lean, pudding from vegetables, bread.
5. Before going to bed - a glass of yogurt.

Meals are calculated with an interval of 3-4 hours, the last (item 5) - before bedtime.

Dietary table number 9

Diet Pevzner is designed specifically for diabetics and allergic people. It is less strict than menu # 8, because it does not aim to reduce the patient's weight. By adjusting carbohydrate and fat metabolism, the 9th dietary table improves the condition of patients with prediabetes and type II diabetes. Reducing glucose load is an important element of treatment. The menu contains a sufficient number of approved products. If desired, you can make a tasty and healthy diet.

It is recommended to drink about 2 liters of mineral or purified water per day, not counting the use of other liquids. Meals should be frequent, but not too nourishing: overeating is dangerous. The best way to quench a fit of hunger is to eat a raw fruit or vegetable.

Permitted and Prohibited Products

How to effectively cure prediabetes? What to do with food, what to exclude, how to cook? Understand any question that arose. The most unloved and difficult, of course, is to deny yourself the habitual nourishment. First of all it is necessary to exclude:

• Baking, products of wheat flour;
• Sugar and foods with a high content;
• Sausage, semi-finished meat products;
• Margarine, butter, animal fats;
• Products with harmful additives;
• fast food;
• Fatty, spicy, salty foods.

A large number of affordable and useful products are allowed to use:

• Fresh and boiled vegetables (restrict potatoes);
• greenery;
• Fruit and berries (preferably acidic);
• Low-calorie dairy products;
• Bran and dark bread;
• Dietary meat and fish.

You should know that the potatoes must be soaked for at least 2 hours before the soup is prepared, with periodic water changes and cut into small pieces.

Example diet menu number 9

The day is divided into 3 meals of the same portion and 3 snacks. The fixed time interval between power supplies will help to adapt to the new schedule more quickly. Remember that the best results are given by the diet with pre-diabetes. The detailed menu, will allow to understand, how the correct medical food should be organized .

Option number 1

• Breakfast - squash pancakes, sour cream 10-15%, tea;
• Dinner - soup on vegetable broth, bread, vegetable puree;
• Dinner - chicken cutlet from the oven, curd casserole, tomato.

Option number 2

• Breakfast - milk porridge from pyshenki, chicory;
• Dinner - soup with meatballs, porridge porridge, cabbage salad;
• Dinner - cabbage stewed, fish boiled, bread.

Option number 3

• Breakfast - porridge from buckwheat, cocoa;
• Dinner - pumpkin soup-puree, 2 boiled eggs, bread, fresh cucumber;
• Dinner - zucchini, baked with minced meat and vegetables.

As a snack you can use:

• A glass of milk or fermented milk products;
• Fruit salad with natural yoghurt;
• Salads from vegetables (raw and boiled) and mashed potatoes;
• cottage cheese;
• Special products for diabetics (biscuits, bars).

The menu is based on the general principles of healthy eating and does not exclude important foods. A huge number of dishes are available from the allowed ingredients. It is recommended to use a double boiler, multivark, oven, in order to maximize the useful properties of food and reduce the load on digestion. A variety of cooking methods will make the diet table completely invisible in its limitations.