Organization of the Oyster Growth Farm Based on Substrate Machines Sm-8

Introduction

We begin the publication of a series of articles on the organization of a farm for growing oyster mushrooms on the basis of SM-8 substrate machines manufactured by Technik LLC. Our task is to give the basic principles and initial data that should help the mushroom growers at the initial stage of organizing a stable and profitable production of oyster mushrooms.

OOO "Technik" has developed a set of equipment for the production of oyster substrate on the basis of the SM-8 substrate machine. The substrate is processed in a substrate machine by steam at a high temperature for a short time. The selectivity of such a substrate is low and therefore it is necessary to take this into account, both in the planning of the farm and in the organization of a directly clean zone where the substrate is inoculated. Low selectivity means that not only the oyster mushroom grows well on the substrate, but also its competitors. The rate of growth of mycelium of competitive molds is several times higher than the growth rate of mycelia of oyster mushrooms. Therefore, for the technology in question, the main task is to prevent spores from entering the substrate from mold, from dirty clothes or equipment. If these requirements are met, we get a well and rhythmically operating enterprise with a high-yielding substrate.

Requirements for the layout of the mushroom complex

In new construction, it is necessary to take into account the recommended sanitary protection zone from the nearest production facilities or settlements.

When using ready-made premises of livestock or poultry complexes, sanitary zones have already been taken into account.

In addition to the main units of the complex on the site, it is necessary to place a platform or a canopy for storing raw materials for at least 3 months.

To operate the complex you need adequate water, electricity and heat, as well as a sewage disposal system.

On the territory of the complex there should be no open land creating dust. The land is planted with lawn grass or covered with fine gravel.

Storage of the spent substrate or its composting on the farm territory is not allowed.

The main units of the farm (substrate shop, incubation chambers, fruiting chambers) are housed in separate buildings.

Here are the possible options for placing production facilities:

Option number 1 - is the best. Between units there should be convenient roads for transportation of substrate blocks. Transportation for transportation is special and always clean.

Option number 2 - there should be no free passage from the clean zone to the incubation chambers. The substratum from the clean zone is transmitted through a narrow sluice window measuring 400 x 300 mm.

Option number 3 - the air from the fruiting chambers should not enter the incubation chamber. Between the cameras make a small sluice corridor or camera.

Option # 4 - is not desirable, but often found in practice. Between the divisions make capital partitions. Entrance to each unit only from the street. Transfer of the substrate only through the sluice window. On capital investments this is the most economical option, but also the most dangerous from the point of view of the spread of infection. Many farms we closed because of an incorrect layout.

For all options - in the incubation chambers it is necessary to maintain the highest possible purity. To do this, the floors in the incubation chambers are made completely smooth and cleaned using a sink or a washing vacuum cleaner.

Of all the subdivisions, the fruiting chambers represent the greatest danger as a source of infection and pests. Spatial or other isolation of the fruiting chambers from other units is necessary for the reliable operation of the enterprise.

Requirements for farm premises

Fencing structures (walls, ceiling) should be made of brick or concrete. All finishing materials must be waterproof and allow for thorough sanitary cleaning of the premises.

Good insulation of the buildings will save energy for heating in winter and cooling in the summer. Very good insulation of ceilings is very important.

The floors are smooth, smooth with a slope to the drainage drains. In a clean zone and an incubation chamber, where the sanitary level should be the highest. It is better to make smooth floors with a special coating, which does not give rise to dust.

In fruiting chambers, it is desirable to have natural light through the side windows and, if possible, through the windows in the roof of buildings.

The height of the premises of the substrate shop is from 4.2 m, and for incubation and fruiting chambers from 2.8 m.

Thus, for a complex to grow oyster mushrooms on the basis of one machine CM-8 when working in one shift, rooms with a total area of 1400 - 1750 sq.m.

Calculation of the production capacity of the enterprise

For calculation we take as a basis the work of the enterprise in one shift on one machine SM-8. To work in two shifts, accordingly, it will be necessary to increase the number of incubation chambers to two and the fruiting chambers to four. Work in two shifts is quite possible, but requires more precise management of personnel and a higher level of automation of technological processes for preparing the substrate.

Calculations of the needs of the enterprise in raw materials, energy, water, labor

As the basis for the substrate, most enterprises working on substrate machines use straw of wheat or other cereals. To increase the nutritional content of the substrate, add straws of legumes in an amount of 15-20%. Stock of straw should be designed to work for 1.5 years.

The demand for the electric power of the complex is rather moderate, and the main costs are made up of the power consumption of the ventilation installations of the chambers, the steam generator and the chaff.

Thus, for the minimum requirements of the complex, 180-200 kW of power supply is required, and taking into account a two-shift operation up to 250 kW.

Approximately 50% of consumed water is spent on technological needs, and the rest of the water is spent on sanitary cleaning of the premises and cleaning the equipment. Taking into account the possible two-shift work, it is necessary to have water supply in the amount of up to 10 cubic meters. per day.

Enterprise staff can be reduced if part of the work is performed not by staff members, but by outsiders invited to do specific work.

Techno-economic calculation of the company for oyster mushroom cultivation

(When using existing premises)

Taking into account the difference in prices for equipment and work by regions, investments in equipment can amount to 8 to 10 million rubles.

For the rhythmic work of the enterprise at any time of year it is necessary to have your own fleet of machines for the delivery of mushrooms and tractors for loading bales or straw bales and cleaning the territory from snow. For some territories it will also be economically advantageous to organize your own link for harvesting straw.

The cost of reconstruction of the premises will vary greatly depending on the condition of the premises themselves. Thus, the total investment in the oyster mushroom production complex with a production capacity of 160 tons per year will amount to 13-15 million rubles.

The payback of the proposed project depends significantly on the cost of raw materials and the price of fungi in a particular region. In our case, we give average vacation prices for oyster mushrooms for the central region of Russia. If substrate production is the heart of the enterprise, then the efficiently operating and assertive sales department is the locomotive of the whole enterprise, on whose successful work its financial condition depends.