Daylight

Natural lighting is the most favorable for a person, that's why it is necessary for him to give preference, decorating this or that premise. The works performed differ in different levels of complexity, so they need a different level of concentration and visual tension. In this regard, when designing buildings and premises should be guided by the developed norms of natural lighting. These indicators are regulated by law in accordance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, which must be observed by organizations, institutions and enterprises. Natural lighting, as well as artificial lighting, should be correct so that the inhabitants of apartments and working premises feel comfortable and keep their health. The most optimal source of light is the sun's rays.

Norms of natural light

The most optimal is the size of the window opening, in which its area is at least one-tenth of the floor area. It should be borne in mind that the curtains and curtains reduce the illumination of the premises, so it is advisable to use them only if there is an urgent need. Natural lighting of the room at its fullest depth can be achieved through such reflective surfaces as windows, floor, ceiling, so this factor must also be taken into account. In order to provide light to those rooms in which direct sunlight does not penetrate, special prisms are used that direct sunlight deep into the beam, refracting the beam.

In rough operation, natural light should be 40 kilowatts and at 1.33% make up the natural light factor (KEO); At work of average accuracy - 80к, and КЕО = 2.66%; For accurate work - 150 lux and KEO = 5%; At very accurate - 300 k and KEO = 10%. In those cases, if the windows face north, you can improve the illumination by raising the openings of a large area and painting the floor, walls and ceiling in light colors.

Combined lighting

Although the natural is considered optimal, it is often not enough, therefore artificial lighting of premises is provided.

It happens:

• Common (all rooms are equipped with identical luminaires, which are evenly located above the illuminated surface);
• Combined (general and lighting in the workplace lamps).

In modern buildings with one glazing on the side in the daytime, natural lighting and artificial simultaneously (combined) are used. It is important that these two species are in harmony with each other. For this, fluorescent lamps are used as artificial lighting.

Greenhouse lighting

The main factor for the development of plants is the process of photosynthesis. It affects growth and yield. Light is a source of energy for photosynthesis, therefore, when assembling a greenhouse, it is necessary to optimally arrange it so as to take into account natural lighting as efficiently as possible. Usually, this room is oriented to the sides of the world - from west to east.

But this indicator affects not only how the greenhouse is located. The state of the coating plays an important role also. The transparency of the coating is influenced by the quality of the material used, the degree of contamination and the operating time. The procedure for cleaning and washing is preferably carried out in autumn and early spring.

Plants inside the greenhouse should be placed so that they are not obscured by the opaque elements of the structure. Inside the hothouse room, all opaque parts (eg racks) are recommended to be painted white, creating additional lighting. To do this, you can use reflective screens, iron sheets, mirrors, facing the windows.

Light-loving plants in winter may not have enough natural light, so it should be supplemented with artificial. When growing sprouts of Bulgarian pepper, lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers and other plants, the lighting should be good 10 hours during the day. For this, fluorescent lamps are used that do not heat up and can be located close to the plants.