Novodevichye cemetery in Moscow. Novodevichie cemetery: graves of celebrities

Novodevichye cemetery in Moscow is known no less than the Kremlin, this is the burial place of the deceased. The territory of the earth in seven and a half hectares is a whole history of the Russian people.

History of occurrence

Novodevichye cemetery arose next to the monastery of the same name in 1898, which is located on the peninsula in Luzhniki. The monastery was founded by Prince Vasily III and is dedicated to the liberation of Smolensk from the Lithuanian invasion.

There are several versions of the origin of the name of the monastery. According to one of them, it originated from the field on which it is located. Once upon a time Tatars selected Russian girls for themselves at the Maiden Field. Another version connects the name of the monastery with its first nun - Elena Devochkina.

Anyway, this place has a rich history: the monastery burned more than once, wandered from hand to hand, was used as a laundry, gym, kindergarten.

Near the monastery was founded a cemetery for the repose of nuns. One of the first to be buried here is the author of the Novodevichy Convent - NE Efimov.

A long period of burial in this place was not much. However, in time, one of the most expensive and elite places of burial was the Novodevichye cemetery. The graves of celebrities of the state and cultural-historical levels are there at every step.

Who was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery?

People from the highest circles have found their last refuge under the Novodevichy monastery. They were statesmen - military leaders and ministers, artists and sculptors, poets and writers, academicians and scientists. People buried at the Novodevichy cemetery are known to many. This is B. Akhmadulina (poetess), V. Bryusov (playwright), A. Chekhov and N. Chukovsky (writers), artists and sculptors A. Bubnov, N. Zhukov, V. Svarog, V. Shestakov. Many here are relatives of famous politicians - the wife of Stalin, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, Dzerzhinsky.

Cheap, and even more free places on the Novodevichye cemetery was not. This was and remains one of the rich and comfortable places of burial. In this regard, the graves have repeatedly been abused and vandalized. After the revolution, in 1917-1920, most of the tombstones, crosses, sculptures and fences were destroyed or taken out.

History of Russia in burials

After the October Revolution Novodevichye cemetery was decided to make a burial place for "persons with social status." In 1930, the graves of NV Gogol, DV Venevitinov, ST Aksakov, II Levitan, MN Ermolova and other public figures were transferred to the Novodevichy cemetery. The graves of celebrities occupy the main place here.

Territorially the churchyard consists of three parts: the old cemetery (1-4 sts), the new (5-8th) and the newest cemetery (9-11th). During its history, it expanded three times. Approximately 26,000 people reside in the necropolis.

Many historical figures are buried in the old site. Among them - M. Bulgakov and his wife, AN Tolstoy, VV Mayakovsky, IA Ilf, S. Ya. Marshak, VM Shukshin, VI Vernadsky, PP Kashchenko, AI Abrikosov, IM Sechenov, LM Kaganovich, VM Molotov, VS Chernomyrdin, NS Alliluyeva (Stalin's second wife), and many others.

"New" territory of the cemetery is a columbarium for urns with ashes, which has about 7000 urns. There are ashes of the writers A. Tvardovsky and S. Mikhalkov, aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev, the grave of the great actor of all times and peoples - Yuri Nikulin. The politicians of Boris Yeltsin and N. Khrushchev are at peace in these places.

The "newest" site is the burials of the figures of Russian culture, among them - E. Leonov, V. Tikhonov, L. Gurchenko, I. Ilyinsky, M. Ulyanov, N. Kryuchkov, S. Bondarchuk, A. Schnittke and hundreds of other persons.

Novodevichye cemetery - the direction of tourism

Novodevichie cemetery in Moscow is one of the ten most beautiful and unique graves of the world. It is a cultural and memorial property of Russia, and also included in the list of UNESCO heritage.

It is not surprising that this burial place is on the list of many tourist companies in Moscow. In addition to the graves of celebrities, Novodevichie cemetery is filled with works of famous sculptors and architects. Tombstone monuments of the Novodevichy cemetery were performed by such creators as M. Anikushin, E. Vuchetich, S. Konenkov, V. Mukhina, N. Tomsky, G. Shultz. The works are made in the New Russian style, neoclassicism and modernity were also used.

Novodevichye cemetery in Moscow: mystery and mysticism

The land of the Novodevichy Cemetery for its entire history has absorbed a lot of human tears and grief. And let it sound paradoxical, but many women in the pogost received healing and hope. Perhaps all because his fate, as well as the fate of the monastery, largely determined the feminine. Here there are many individuals of the female sex who during life were deeply unhappy. They loved and suffered, believed and hoped, but did not find happiness. Now the "sufferers" are in a better world, and their energies are able to heal and heal. It helps to find women's happiness - to meet their destiny, to get married, to give birth to a long-awaited child ...

Not one eyewitness claims that strange walks and shadows were seen during the walks along the burial sites. Perhaps it is Hegumen Devochkin, who has protected these lands for centuries. Maybe it's Stalin who mourns at his wife's grave. Or maybe Gogol is looking for those who abused his grave? It is rumored that when the writer was reburied, his body lay on his side and without a head. According to one version, the head was stolen by an unknown collector.

The most visited monument on the Novodevichye Cemetery

Many famous people rest on the Novodevichye cemetery. However, not all tourists attract such gloomy places. This pogost is an exception. Wishing to visit the burial places of great cultural and political figures - hundreds.

One of the most visited places is Gogol's mystic tomb, monuments to Chekhov, Bulgakov, Allyuev's Alley, Khrushchev's graveyard.

Gathers people and the largest monument of the cemetery - the clown Durova.

For a long time, after numerous attempts at vandalism, the entrance to the Novodevichy Cemetery was closed. Now everyone can visit it.

Excursions to the Novodevichy Cemetery

Novodevichye cemetery - cultural and historical heritage of Russia. It is one of the 100 most visited memorials. There is a graveyard near the Novodevichy Monastery on the street. Khamovnicheskiy shaft, 50 (Luzhitsky proezd, 2), metro station "Sportivnaya". The entrance to the necropolis is free. Visits are allowed from 9 to 17.

By places of burial, you can walk both independently and with a guide. Interesting walks in the cemetery are conducted by a writer, historian and journalist - Igor Obolensky. You can make an appointment with him by phone at (495) 788-88-69.

A tour of the monastery with a visit to the cemetery is also organized by the State Unitary Enterprise "Ritual". In addition, the stories are conducted in different languages, especially for foreign tourists.

A lot of interesting and informative from the history of Russia is recognized by a tourist who will visit the cemetery with an experienced guide Novodevichie. Photo walks, made for memory, you can bring as a souvenir to your friends and family. After all, what could be better than a piece of history depicted in a photograph?

Organize a walk to the Novodevichy cemetery better in the spring or autumn, when it's not so hot.

The same name cemetery in St. Petersburg

A similar monastery with an adjacent cemetery is also in St. Petersburg. Novodevichy monastery here was built by decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in 1746 - in her old age she wanted to take tonsure. However, she soon changed her mind, and the monastery was closed after the death of his last nun. It was renewed only under Nicholas I.

Near the monastery was also allocated a place under the cemetery, the territory of which reached ten hectares. It was buried since 1849. Novodevichye cemetery of St. Petersburg was considered one of the richest places of burial at that time.

Pogost was the last refuge for such great people as F. Tyutchev, N. Nekrasov, I. Sadovsky, N. Shchukin, V. Zhukovsky, M. Vrubel, K. Sluchevsky, S. Botkin, E. Eikhvald. Many celebrities sheltered the Novodevichy cemetery. How to get to the memorial - not everyone will say. And all because not everyone knows about the Novodevichy cemetery of the same name in St. Petersburg.

Pogost is located at the address - Moskovskiy proezd, 100, building 2. You can reach it by metro - stop "Moskovskye Vorota" or "Frunzenskaya". The cemetery is open to visitors from 9 to 18.

To the tourist on a note

For most people, the cemetery is a place of sorrow and tears. However, there are also graves that can tell a lot about the history and culture of the people. Novodevichye cemetery in Moscow - one such. It is included in the list of sights of Moscow. If possible, it is worth seeing every tourist.