Dolls of the peoples of the world. Collection of dolls of the world (photo)

Probably, now it is quite difficult to meet a person who would not be attracted to the dolls of the peoples of the world. Why? Strictly speaking, there are several reasons for this.

Of course, first of all I would like to emphasize the unusual and original character of this kind of toy. But in terms of culture, its role in general is difficult to overestimate. Agree, the collection of puppets of the peoples of the world can best acquaint students, and adults, with the customs, traditions and beliefs of representatives of absolutely different corners of our planet. Perhaps, just this is the secret of popularity? Let's try to figure it out together.

What is it - the largest collection of puppets of the world?

Dolls in one way or another are present in the life of each person. True, this happens more often in childhood, and especially in girls. One way or another, you will not meet now someone who can not give a more or less intelligible definition of this concept.

Some adults also do not part with them, because for us, you see, a doll can perform several functions at once. For example, act as a part of childhood, a talisman, a complement to the interior or even an amazing copy of a carefully collected collection.

For today, real hunters for such toys have become collectors. They are interested in rare dolls in the costumes of the peoples of the world, they track the releases of new models, scrupulously care for their already found samples.

It's no secret that a true collector allows himself to spend impressive money for the acquisition of more and more new things. There are such collections of dolls that can quite be considered a true historical and cultural value.

The most famous collectors in Moscow are E. Loseva and N. Bartram. Their rare dolls in the costumes of the peoples of the world became the basis for the creation of the Moscow Museum of Toys. Also very famous is the collection "Vakhtanov", which consists of modern art pieces.

In addition, many collectors have gained fame thanks to Barbie, who became mega-popular in the 1990s. The largest collection of such sophisticated girls with chic hair belongs to Leonid Celluloid Boy.

It should be noted that the collection of Barbie in Germany, owned by B. Dorfman, today has 6025 models, 4000 collected by I. Ribel in Holland, but in Great Britain the largest collection belongs to T. Matia.

In addition to modern specimens, collectors also collect other species. For example, the owner and author of the largest collection of valuable porcelain dolls, surprisingly similar to famous people, is the artist O. Powell. T. Finnanger from Norway became famous for creating a tilde. A terrible dolls-monsters uglies brought worldwide popularity to their designers D. Horvath and S. Kim.

How and when the first toys of such a plan arose

Dolls of different nations have a very long and rich history. As you know, even ancient people gave their children to play, though not dolls in the modern sense of the word, but different pebbles and pieces of wood. But the children of the Persians and Indian tribes already had the most real fairies, wizards and wizards made of wood or cloth with traced eyes.

In addition, do not forget that in ancient times, some dolls of the peoples of the world, photos of which can now be found in virtually every encyclopedia, were an integral part of religious rituals, and it was strictly forbidden to play with them.

The first children's dolls were found in Egypt. Their age is about 4,500 years. They were decorated with beads, had real hair and moving arms and legs.

In ancient Greece and Rome, the boys used a toy in the form of a Trojan horse with soldiers inside. Products were created from clay and wax and brightly colored.

In antiquity these figures have already started to be made from expensive materials, and among them the most expensive one was that made of ivory.

Puppets of the peoples of Russia are often identified with toys made of rags or straw.

Puppet theater in the streets of the city

This unusual kind of conception originates from pagan rituals used to worship the gods. Initially, he was present in the form of short farcical miniatures with nasty statements toward the highest persons in ancient Egypt in the 16th century. BC. E., And in ancient Rome - in the II century. BC. E.

A little later, starting around the 11th century. N. In Europe, in Catholic churches, parishioners with special zeal began to arrange evangelistic dramatization with the main character in the form of the Virgin Mary. True, it should be noted that these scenes caused great disapproval from the local authorities and were under strict prohibition.

At the end of the XVI century. In the squares and fairs an image of a stupid, indecent, but courageous, simple-minded, dexterous and clever glutton and a dandy named Pulcinella, from which the era of European dolls began.

In England, by the way, such a hero became a rogue and fighter Patch, always quarreling with his wife. In France, the favorite character was a hunchback and a badass Polishinel, who does not know how to keep secrets. In Germany - vulgar simpleton Casperl with rough jokes. In the Czech Republic, the favorite hero was a good-natured joker and a joker Kashparek, known for his strong words.

Note that such characters were present in almost all nations. For example, Denmark is often associated with Mester Yakel, the Netherlands with Jan Klaassen, Greece with Fazoulis, and so on.

But in Russia special popularity and love was acquired by a fool and fighter Petrushka.

Features of Japanese toys

Dolls of the peoples of the world can not even imagine without the Japanese Kokeshi.

Initially, it did not have limbs and looked very much like a Russian matryoshka. Such dolls were made from cherry, cornel and maple, and then, manually, painted with floral and plant motifs.

First, Kokashi used shamans to perform ritual ceremonies and wake ceremonies. However, over time, they were given to children and made of wood, flaps and paper.

In the XX century. There were so-called interior dolls of large sizes, reminiscent of geisha, with hand-embroidered kimono. They were generously decorated with gold thread and precious stones.

Culture of the Eskimos and Nenets. The Doll of the Peoples of the North

Nenets and Eskimos for a long time used various kinds of figurines to communicate with otherworldly forces. These toys were without eyes, ears, mouth and nose.

It was believed that the dolls of the peoples of the world of this type had a special energy, and, having a painted face, could revive and frighten young children. Families of the northern peoples possessed a large number of dolls, and the dowry of young girls necessarily included more than a dozen such items.

To save the culture, they were later made face and apparel in the form of a national costume.

Slavic copies

The Slavs made dolls literally from everything. In case of need, straw, clay, ashes, flaps and wood bark were used for the move ... People considered these figures as amulets.

For example, the Slavs believed that a toy made of flax would drive away all illnesses from the child, and the "ten-figure" would bring happiness and prosperity to the family, and that prosperity would come with "cereal grains" filled with grain. By the way, different grains had their own meaning: rice - holiday, buckwheat - wealth, pearl barley - satiety, oats - strength.

Popularly enjoyed and "strigushki" made from a bundle of sheared grass, and older girls liked to play dolls from rags.

Dolls of African Peoples

In Africa, dolls in the costumes of the peoples of the world, in this case the African continent, were passed down from generation to generation. They were manually created from grass or cut out of wood. Then the products were decorated with colorful outfits, beads and bracelets.

Mostly African dolls were dressed in traditional outfits and portrayed adult married women. But shamans for their rituals separately produced special ritual statuettes.

Russian nesting doll

Matryoshka is considered to be the Russian national painted doll of our country. Not everyone knows that it originates in China, but in Russia they began to do it after the end of the XIX century. In Moscow, A. Mamontov brought a figure of the Japanese old man, who revealed.

In the middle of the first there was the same statuette, only smaller, and behind it again and again. The figurines were revealed until the tiny one was found on the bottom of the latter.

Russian masters created and painted a toy consisting of eight figures. They all portrayed a woman, and on the smallest they painted a baby. They named the Matryoshka toy in honor of the most popular name in Moscow - Matryona.

Beauty of the last century: Barbie doll

A doll named Barbie is, perhaps, the object of lust for all girls without exception and the most famous doll in the world. Hardly anyone will deny the fact that this attractive fashionista has truly become the standard of female beauty.

Created this masterpiece by Ruth Handler. But it was so. In the 40-ies of the twentieth century. Until now no one known woman together with her husband opened a company specializing in the production of picture frames. In the course of production, there were a lot of wooden waste, of which Ruth came up with a small wooden furniture for dolls.

After a trip to Switzerland in 1956, in which Ruth saw the doll Lilith, a blonde with defiant forms and a fashionable wardrobe, she decided to create an image that would become for girls a dream of an adult life. Ruth made of vulgar Lilith, copyrights to which she, by the way, bought, a positive and beloved beloved. The name of the doll was given in honor of the daughter of the inventor - Barbara. The first outfits of Barbie were at Dior and ZHivanshi. In 1958, Barbie was patented. By the way, Ken came up and named after the inventor's son - Kenneth.

Now the Barbie doll is among the top ten best selling goods in the world.

Modern dolls-tildes

Such a sweet toy was invented by the Norwegian artist T. Finnanger. Tilda is an object made of cloth in the form of a doll, a small animal or some object. The artist created the first tilde in 1999, when she was 25 years old.

Now branded materials and accessories for comfort with the same name are being sold, and their creator gives advice on the organization of the female world around their offspring.

This type of toys has several features: they are always plump, with soft and smooth silhouettes, faces and teddy faces are very conditional, and they all look like a recognizable color range with rich and calm shades. Tildes-dolls in the costumes of the peoples of the world have recently begun to meet more and more often.