Neoplasm in psychology is what?

Neoplasm in psychology is a change that occurs in a person's life at a certain stage of his development. That is, at every age stage.

Early childhood

New education in psychology is a social change that determines a person's consciousness, his external and internal life, his attitude towards the environment.

At the earliest age, the child develops objective activity and active speech. He also begins to learn the basics of "cooperation", game substitutions and a hierarchy of motives. On the basis of all this, independence is formed. This is the first mental neoplasm. And his earlier manifestation can be observed in the child's mastery of the straight gait. The feeling of mastering one's body gives him a sense of independence.

What follows? The so-called crisis of three years. The child separates himself from others and begins to perceive himself as a person. He shows negativity (he acts contrary to the suggestions of adults), stubbornness (insists on what he demanded), obstinacy, self-will (attempts to prove his "I"), protests, rebellion. And often despotism.

School age

Age-related neoplasms in psychology are a very interesting topic. Especially if it concerns childhood - preschool and early school age.

Studies conducted by the doctor of psychological sciences Elena Evgenievna Kravtsova, proved that in the designated periods, the new formation is imagination. It is divided into three components. This reliance on visibility, its own internal position and the application of past experience.

Subsequently, in the process of learning, another complex new formation is formed-the arbitrariness of actions. It takes a long time to form it. Since this requires the application of strong-willed actions, the overcoming of internal obstacles, the improvement of the semantic memory. At this age, the leading activity of the child is learning. And mastering it in full is the main new formation of the school period.

Teenage years

A lot has been said about this stage. And I would like to note with special attention the information mentioned in the book titled "Age Psychology" (Obukhov). The main psychological neoplasms of this period are of special interest. Because age is critical, critical, transitional.

The book says that at this stage people "grow into" culture, in the spirit of the era in which adolescents exist. They experience a kind of second birth and in its course acquire a new "I" - the main thing at the time a new formation. In psychology, this is considered a violent, sharp and even a crisis course. In it, the first stage of the adolescent period is expressed.

The next stage is characterized by a gradual, gradual and slow growth, during which young people become attached to adulthood, but do not undergo serious and profound changes in their personality. And the third stage implies the formation of his "I", his "facet". And the accompanying self-education, which flows through internal crises, experiences and anxieties.

So, according to LF Obukhova, adolescent neoplasms of age in psychology - this is the emergence of reflection, the discovery of self, the recognition of personal individuality, the formation of value orientations and worldview. Not surprisingly, this stage is considered to be the most difficult and important in the life of every person.

Conclusions of AV Petrovsky

Arthur Vladimirovich was an outstanding Soviet psychologist. And he came to very interesting conclusions. He believed that a neoplasm in psychology is a phenomenon that arises in a person's life, when he integrates into certain social groups. And Petrovsky was right.

Throughout life, we are continually joining new social groups. School, university, work, sports sections, language courses - everywhere we expect new teams, in each of which a person fits through, passing through three stages.

The first is adaptation. A man tries to be in the general mass and corresponds to its characteristics. The second stage implies individualization. At this stage, the person is already showing his "I", shows what he really is. And the third stage is the final integration - the personality is poured into society, but at the same time it remains itself.

Youth

Another important stage. Too crucial, although not as teenage. But longer - it lasts about 20 to 30 years.

In the first place, the majority is professional activity. That is correct, as a person begins to acquire value and value, using all his skills, intellectual resources and knowledge gained during training. Attempts to get a place under the sun and the status of a person with a capital letter - these are the main neoplasms at this time.

Developmental psychology considers the period of youth as a stage in which a person develops an individual life style, acquires the final meaning of his existence, builds a system of personal values. From what the person did at that time, it often depends on who she will be in the future. In this period, intellectual development continues. A universally recognized opinion - youth is the most valuable stage in a person's life. Since during this period, everyone is at the peak of their abilities and can quite achieve impressive heights if he uses all of his available resources.

Maturity

This is the longest period in a person's life. There is no unambiguous framework. German psychologist Erik Homburger Erickson, for example, believes that maturity begins at the end of youth and lasts up to 65 years. However, this is not important.

Psychological neoplasm is a concept in psychology, for which there is no framework. These phenomena accompany us all my life. And in the mature period, too.

This stage - the time of full bloom of personality, when a person fulfills his life purpose in all areas that are important for him. At this time people usually get rid of unjustified youthful maximalism and come to the fact that it is best to approach problems with practicality and balance.

Problems

Naturally, very few people do without a crisis of middle age. At this moment, special neoplasms are manifested. People who did not have time or did not try, are dissatisfied with life. They understand that their plans have drastically disagreed with the implementation. Internal tension builds up because of personal relationships. Who early acquired children, is going through because of their departure to an independent life. Some die close relatives. Many marriages break up during maturity. Often it is at this stage that people become depressed.

But psychologists assure: it is impractical at this moment to lose heart. Because many describe maturity as a promising period, at the time when many people successfully realize their potential, if they have a goal.

Neoplasms of old age

It is generally accepted that this period begins at 75 years. It is final. And old age is a very complex psychosociological phenomenon. And the main thing is a change in the social status. Most old people cease to play a significant role. Their social world is narrowing. The vulnerability of the body increases. Some do not lose heart and try to have time to realize what they have not had. Others find a hobby and finally rest. Still others can not find themselves and quietly experience, immersed in the memories of their youth and themselves. They look at those who they were, experience the memorable moments of youth. Only this often brings pain and awareness that this will never happen: youth can not be returned.

Because psychologists advise to find themselves a leading activity that would help make old age happy. It will be right and fair in relation to yourself - the most valuable person in life.