Nasal sinuses and their diseases

Nasal sinuses are hollow formations in the cranial bones that communicate with the nasal cavity.
The person has the following kinds of sinuses:
- maxillary (maxillary) - occupies almost the entire body of the bones of the upper jaw
- frontal - is in the frontal bone
- a trellis labyrinth - a sinus, formed by cells of the lattice
- wedge-shaped - located in the sphenoid bone

Diseases of the nasal sinuses (sinusitis) are, as a rule, inflammatory in nature and can be localized in one or several appendages.
In the region of formation of the inflammatory process, sinusitis is divided into sinusitis, frontal, etmoiditis, and sphenoiditis.
If all sinuses have been inflamed, they talk about the pansinusitis.

Sinusitis
Usually, the inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is provoked by infection resulting from the action of viruses and bacteria, as well as inflammatory processes occurring in the posterior upper teeth. When the disease occurs, accumulation of fluid (pathological secret) in the maxillary cavities. A person experiences a pressing pain in the nasal sinuses, which is strengthened when pressing in the HAJ.

Treatment of sinusitis consists in the derivation of a pathological secret from the inflamed area and increased immunity. Due to the swelling of the nasal mucosa, it may be difficult for the infected fluid to flow out. To eliminate the edema prescribe drugs narrowing the vessels. In some cases, a special solution is made. In special cases, a puncture (puncture) of the maxillary sinuses is performed.

Frontite
If the frontal sinuses become inflamed, then we are talking about the front. The causes of the disease are the same as in genyantritis. The main symptom is the headache that occurs in the forehead area, which is especially amplified in the morning. From the nose there are characteristic purulent discharge, often the pain moves to the eyes.
With this form of inflammation of the nasal sinuses, the same treatment is prescribed, as for the removal of sinusitis. To ensure a better outflow of pathological secret, use vasoconstrictor drugs. In difficult cases, trepanulation of the skull in the forehead for sinus lavage may be necessary.

Etmoiditis
At the heart of the disease are the same causes that cause inflammation and other sinuses of the nose. Disease of the latticed maze often occurs with inflammation of other sinuses. The main symptom is pressing pain in the nasal sinus, severe headache, as well as in the root of the nose and in the bridge of the nose.
Treatment, as with other inflammations, is conservative. In advanced cases, a surgical operation is required - polytomy, which removes the front of the middle shell, and even opens the cells of the latticed bone.

Sphenoiditis
Cuneiform nasal sinuses become inflamed in rare cases. The disease is a consequence of infection of the trellis labyrinth. Symptoms of sphenoiditis are manifested in the form of headaches in the crown region, in the middle of the head, rarely in the occiput and orbits. When performing a rhinoscopy, you can determine the accumulation of fluid in the vicinity of the olfactory gap. You can also see the draining purulent bands on the back wall of the pharynx. Inflammation can seize the optic nerve, causing a loss of vision.

Treatment, as well as at a genyantritis. Vasoconstrictors help to remove the mucosal edema and improve the outflow from the sinus of the pathological secretion. In case of severe inflammation, the probes and the lavage of the sinuses are made with solutions of the antibiotic. In case of complications, resection of the posterior part of the middle shell may be prescribed.
To prevent inflammation of the nasal sinuses, timely treatment of diseases that cause sinusitis is necessary. Special emphasis should be placed on strengthening the immune system.