Mushrooms are edible and poisonous mushrooms - how to recognize? The main types of poisonous mushrooms

With the onset of the mushroom season, lovers of "quiet hunting" in crowds are sent to the forest. This fascinating occupation will bring a lot of pleasure only if the person knows how to determine the edible and poisonous mushrooms .

Mushrooms, tubular

They are distinguished by a hat with clear outlines, a tubular lower layer, which during the ripening period of the fungus easily separates from it. This group includes white mushrooms familiar to all from childhood, boletus, birch bark, mushrooms, oil canes, etc. Among them there are several inedible mushrooms (peppery, bilious), which have a rather unpleasant bitterish taste, so they require preparation before eating. Inexperienced mushroom pickers can not be afraid of confusing tubular mushrooms poisonous and edible, since almost all of them are very useful and nutritious.

Forming a symbiosis with only certain wood species, representatives of this group grow mainly in forests and parks.

Plate

They are found almost everywhere, because they are absolutely undemanding to any conditions and soils. They grow in forests and in open spaces. The inner side of the hats of these fungi is covered with distinct radial-type plates containing a spore layer.

Cylindrical shape of the stem consists of filamentary fibers, closely adjacent to each other. Sometimes on it you can see a ring that resembles a frill. This is the remainder of the film that covers the lower part of the cap from the young fruit body and, as it grows, breaks off, remaining on the foot.

A huge variety of mushrooms lamellar. Edible and poisonous differ from each other in some external features, but the beginning mushroom pickers, however, are often confused.

If there is no complete certainty that the fungus is not poisonous, it is better to abandon it. The fact is that among the lamellar fungi there are many deadly dangers. The most famous of them are pale toadstool and fly agaric. Such mushrooms, parasitizing on trees, can destroy even wood. The ingestion of pale toadstool in the amount of 1 mg per 10 kg of human body weight can lead to death.

Edible plate mushrooms are considered very useful. These include mushrooms, ryzhiki, freckles, fairies, russules and many others. For their excellent taste, they have long enjoyed great respect. The main thing when collecting - be able to distinguish mushrooms edible and poisonous mushrooms. This will help to avoid unpleasant situations associated with poisoning.

Mushroom umbrella

This is another popular plate-shaped edible mushroom, the shape of which resembles an umbrella, hence the name. Distributed on many continents (in Eurasia, Australia, America), it deserves special attention. In Russia, it can be found everywhere - in the Far East and Siberia, in the southern and northern regions. This fungus grows not only in forests, fields and parks, but even in kitchen gardens.

Due to the high content of fiber, saturated fatty acids, chitin, potassium, amino acids and various vitamins, the umbrella is considered a curative fungus. It is able to neutralize bacteria, have an antitumor effect, rejuvenate the body. It is used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, purify the blood vessels, improve blood composition, brain activity.

In order not to confuse the umbrella mushrooms (edible and poisonous), you need to carefully look at the hat. It has a matte light brown color and dark scales (for example, in fly agaric they are white). Plates cream or dark beige. The skirt on the leg moves without much difficulty. Mushroom umbrella is especially useful in fresh form, when all its useful properties are stored.

Inedible mushrooms

There are also such mushrooms that do not belong to the category of edible, but nevertheless, toxic substances are not present in them. They do not cause poisoning, but slight disruption of digestion during their use is not ruled out. Often in the basket of beginning mushroom pickers, you can find a bitter or gall mushroom that looks like a white fungus. It can be distinguished by the pinkish pulp and unpleasant odor.

Therefore, going to the forest, you should know that there are not only edible and poisonous mushrooms. There are those that are difficult to poison, but do not eat. Such mushrooms are very common in our area.

Types of poisonous mushrooms

Poisoning manifests itself in different ways. Depending on the effect on the body, all the poisonous fungi are divided into three categories:

1. Have an effect on the digestive system. Poisoning manifests itself in a mild form - in the form of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Deaths are no more than 1%. This group includes poisonous champignon, false fruit, entoloma poisonous.
2. The nervous system is affected by the fungus Klytocibe, the panther fly agaric, the fly-agaric red, the striatum inoculum and others. In addition to nausea and vomiting, they can cause disturbances of consciousness, hallucinations. Recovering occurs after 1-3 days.
3. The most severe poisoning is caused by the use of fungi that affect the liver and kidneys. The recovery period is very long, it can last from several weeks to six months, and the lethal outcome is 35%. This action has a pale toadstool (yellow, white, green), spider webs orange-red, lines.

How to avoid poisoning

In some cases, mushrooms edible and poisonous mushrooms can be equally dangerous. Even the most noble mushrooms, damaged by worms, overgrown or beginning to decompose, can cause poisoning. In mushroom canned food prepared without observing the sterilization regime, in banks with rolled covers often the decomposition of proteins occurs, resulting in the formation of toxic substances, even if it is edible mushrooms.

And poisonous mushrooms cause very serious poisoning right up to a lethal outcome. They are dangerous because even with soaking, heat treatment, salting and pickling, they retain all the toxins present in them. Therefore, the main way to avoid poisoning is the recognition of edible and poisonous fungi and compliance with the rules for the preparation of home preparations.