Mole on the skin: varieties. Which of the birthmarks are dangerous?

Moles (nevi) are spots that appear on the skin and cause pigmentation changes. Some specks are present from the very moment of our birth, but can also be formed during life, when the body is undergoing any changes, in particular, during the period of gestation. What kinds of birthmarks on the hands and other parts of the body can appear, than they are dangerous - this is our article.

Congenital and acquired nevi

Moles are divided into two large groups: congenital and acquired. The first group has a gradation and in size:

1. Small. The size reaches no more than one and a half centimeters.
2. Medium . These include birthmarks that do not reach a diameter of 10 centimeters.
3. Large. The diameter of the formation in this case exceeds 10 centimeters.
4. Giant - can occupy large areas of the skin. Most often cover the entire anatomical area, as a rule, this is a large part of the chest, shin, face, and others.

Moles (especially large sizes) always attract attention. But sometimes a person can detect almost colorless nevi. Such birthmarks of skin color are an accumulation of pigment cells, and if you observe, you will notice that over time they will also darken.

Little birthmarks almost do not bring trouble. But giant nevi are quite often (almost 50%) reborn, causing cancer.

Acquired birthmarks

The cause of their appearance is the genetic characteristics of the human body. They are formed in childhood. It is during this period that the most intensive movement of pigment cells occurs, which "rise" from the deep layers to the surface of the skin.

Here you can identify the following types of nevi:

• Epidermal. Appear as a consequence of the accumulation of melanocytes in the upper epidermal layer of the skin.
• Intradermal. Cells responsible for the production of melanin, in this case, accumulate in the dermis.
• Frontier. Such birthmarks are located on the border of the dermis and epidermis.

Types of moles

Let's get acquainted with the varieties of nevi. Physicians distinguish:

• Lentigo . This birthmark on the skin is a uniformly stained spot. The color can vary from brown to brownish to completely black.

• E piedermo-dermal birthmarks. Visually, these are flat spots, but in some cases they may protrude slightly above the surface of the skin. Coloring is also unstable and can change, reaching almost black shade. Size range: from a miniature point to a centimeter in diameter. Localize mainly on the palms, soles of the feet, and also in the genital area.

• Complex birthmarks . More often than others, nevi have a dark color and appear prominently above the skin.

• Intradermal nevi . Always stand on the skin. The color can vary, beginning from the corporeal and ending with a black tinge. The surface of the intradermal nevi can be absolutely smooth or be covered with hairs.

• Moles of Sutton . Such birthmarks appear and disappear without any reasons. The main difference is the presence of an unpainted skin ring around them. Very rarely degenerate into cancers.

• Dysplastic moles. The nevuses have an irregular shape with blurred boundaries. Be sure to rise slightly above the surface of the skin. Most often have a red pigmentation, but other colors are not excluded. Moles of this type can be inherited. From the classic birthmarks, they are distinguished by the size (they are always larger) and the location of the localization. Dysplastic nevi can often be found in areas that are always closed by clothing (buttocks, chest). And if the usual birthmarks can be formed during puberty, then dysplastic appear after 35 years.

• Blue birthmarks. Always towering formations, which in some cases have a hemispherical shape. The color varies from light blue to blue, very rarely you can observe a brown tint. Such birthmarks always have clear boundaries. The size of the nevus can reach 2 centimeters. Especially often on the face, limbs and buttocks.

• Large pigmented nevus . Is most often congenital and increases as the child grows up. Nevuses can capture quite large areas on the surface of the skin. The main colors are gray, black and brown.

Grading of moles depending on the shape and location

Depending on these parameters, birthmarks are divided into:

• Vascular (hemangiomas). Such a mole on the skin can have different sizes and blurred outlines. If we talk about color, it all depends on the vessel, which became its basis.

• Non-vascular. Moles can look like stalked or warty outgrowths of various shades. There are both individual specimens and group clusters in the form of plaques.

Classification according to the danger of degeneration

Moles are further divided into:

• Melanomoopausal, which due to trauma, cosmetic procedures or biopsy can cause skin cancer;
• Melanomoneous.

Skin cancer: birthmark provocateurs

These include the following types of nevi:

• blue;
• Birthmark of Ota;
• Giant pigment nevus;
• Melanosis of Dyubreil.

The blue and giant nevus is already familiar to you. Let's look at the newcomers.

Nevus Ota is a large formation, localized exclusively on the skin of the face. Can be located on any part, creating the effect of dirty skin. The color varies from brown to blue-gray.

Melanosis Dyubreil - precancerous skin condition. Visually - a single pigmented spot with irregular margins. Initially, light brown, as it deteriorates, it changes color to a darker color, increasing in size in parallel.

Differences between normal and renewable nevus

It is almost impossible to do this on your own. But non-threatening moles - miniature spots with clear boundaries. They practically do not protrude above the surface of the skin and always have a uniform structure. If we talk about color, then it can be completely black moles on the skin. Nothing dangerous in this.

Below are the dangerous symptoms, noting that it is necessary to urgently get a consultation of a specialist doctor.

Signs of the beginning of rebirth:

• Asymmetry in size;
• Appearance of the effect of blurring the edges;
• A change in the color of the nevus, in particular the formation of strips of another color on the surface of the mole;
• Increase in size;
• Bleeding.

Skin cancer (birthmarks are often the cause) at an early stage is not badly treatable. Just be a little more attentive.

Red moles (angiomas)

Red moles appeared on the skin. What was the reason and why they differ from the usual dark spots?

The red mole on the skin speaks about the existing problem of the vessels responsible for the supply of blood to the skin itself. If you look at the speck in more detail, it turns out that it consists of strongly intertwined blood vessels. Form a nevus can almost anywhere.

Most often, red neoplasms are found on the skin of babies. This is due to the fact that the child's circulatory system "grows" with it, undergoing changes. In an adult, the reason for the formation of red nevuses is excessive exposure to the sun. And it is far from uncommon that such a birthmark under the skin is located, since such nevi have no definite location on either the body or the layers of the human skin.

The cause of the appearance of angiomas in adults are hormonal changes. It is believed that such neoplasms speak of the existing pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.

Experiencing over neoplasms of this type is not worth it. Very often they disappear on their own. The only reason for unrest is the rapid growth of a birthmark.

White nevuses

White moles on the skin - the result of poor performance of the cells responsible for the production of melanin. They can vary in size and shape. Discovered from a newborn baby, a white mole should not become a cause of anxiety. But here appeared on the body of an adult, she points to the possible development of a rather complex disease - vitiligo. The disease is not dangerous, but it brings a feeling of dissatisfaction with its appearance. The disease manifests itself in the form of uncommon pigmentation spots, protruding on the surface of the skin.

Why will the skin around the birthmark change color?

The reddened skin around the birthmark is an anxious bell, but before you panic, you should understand the cause of the inflammation. It can be:

• Trauma of the skin. Mole accidentally hooked, for example, a washcloth during showering. The result is inflammation.
• Ultraviolet burn. You can get it when you visit the solarium. There is a burn after a few days. In the case when the mole after this began to change the shape and size, consultation of the doctor is necessary. If you have a lot of birthmarks on your skin, then it's best to refuse to visit the solarium.
• Unreasonable inflammation. It can be accompanied by pain, but sometimes this symptom is absent. Consultation of a dermatologist is mandatory.

The change in the color of the skin around the mole indicates the onset of rebirth.

Moles on the hands

The types of moles on the hands that occur in humans do not differ in any way from the types discussed previously. It can also be vascular nevuses (angiomas), moles that grow on the legs, pigment spots , etc.

Self removal

Removing moles is an optional procedure if they are not dangerous. But the birthmark on the scalp should be removed necessarily, especially if it is located directly under the hair. Otherwise, the comb will permanently injure it, and in the future this can lead to unpleasant consequences.

It is strictly forbidden to remove birth marks on your own, because you can get either blood infection or severe bleeding, which is difficult to stop.

How to remove

If you decide to get rid of the tumor, then choose the medical centers with good recommendations and customer references. To go to the nearest beauty salon for the decision of a problem it is not necessary, as only in clinics of the patient prepare under all rules. And in the event of an unforeseen situation, he will be provided with qualified assistance.

Techniques

Modern medicine offers many different ways to remove moles. The choice of method depends on the type of birthmark. The doctor will choose the most suitable variant for each situation.

Distinguish:

• Thermal method;
• Chemical effects;
• Surgical intervention.

The minus of the thermal method of removing neoplasms is the scarring that remains on the surface of the skin. Therefore, if the nevus is located on the open part of the body, then the option with electrocoagulation does not work.

Avoid disfigurement of the skin will help remove the birthmark with a laser. The most painless way to get rid of it will be the freezing of the birthmark with liquid nitrogen.

Surgery is used only in difficult cases. This is an extreme measure, because it has numerous contraindications and side effects.

Post-operative care

After the procedure is completed, a crust forms on the surface of the skin. It is necessary to ensure that water, gels and creams do not fall on its surface. In the first five days it is especially important, because it is during this period that a new layer of skin forms under the sore. And if you remove the crust earlier, then there may be a scar.