Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy is a method of treating neoplastic diseases using ionizing radiation. It is created with the help of special apparatuses, in which a radioactive source is placed. The method is based on the fact that irradiation leads to accumulation in the actively dividing cells of a multitude of mutations leading to their death.

Methods of radiation therapy are divided depending on the type of radiation. Thus, gamma-therapy or X-ray therapy can be used in the treatment. Depending on the location of the source in relation to the body of the patient, there is contact, remote, intracavitary irradiation. The source can also be delivered to the tumor directly. This method is carried out using thin needles and is called interstitial irradiation.

It should be noted that radiotherapy refers to an independent medical specialization. If there is a need to use a similar method of treatment, the oncologist specialist gives the patient a referral. The patient visits the consultation of the radiation therapist, which determines the type of irradiation, the volume of the load, and the duration of the course.

This treatment is aimed at maximizing the effect on the tumor with minimal impact on healthy tissues. This condition is achieved when planning it. The specialist precisely determines the location of the tumor in order to direct the beam to the required depth and in the desired direction.

When using a remote method, a label is placed on the site of the effect (on the patient's skin). Areas around and other areas of the body are protected by lead screens. The duration of the procedure is several minutes. Out of the total prescribed dose of irradiation, the number of sessions is calculated.

During the procedure, the patient does not experience any pain, nor any other sensations. Radiation therapy is carried out in a special room. During the session, the patient is alone in it. The doctor watches the procedure from the next room using video cameras or through a special glass.

Taking into account the nature of the tumor process, radiation therapy can be used either in combination with chemotherapy or surgical treatment, or independently. This method of exposure has a local character and can be used in certain parts of the body. The results of treatment indicate a significant reduction in the size of the neoplasm or complete cure. In addition, radiation therapy for breast cancer significantly reduces the risk of relapse.

Complications after the course can be noted only in the area of exposure or have a general character. Before the beginning of the course it is necessary to find out from the doctor about all the possible complications and possible ways of preventing them.

Side effects are manifested in accordance with the area of exposure. So, for example, with irradiation of the chest or neck, pain or difficulty can occur when swallowing against the background of esophagitis. Exposure to the scalp may cause hair loss.

Remote irradiation often causes peeling, itching, dryness or redness of the skin. Small bubbles may also appear. To prevent or treat such an adverse reaction, softening lotions or creams are prescribed. Often in patients after the procedure there is a rapid fatigue and weakness. In such cases, you should adhere to the correct regime of the day, allocate time for day rest, observe the optimal caloric diet.

If there are any abnormalities in the state of health, you should contact a specialist. Most side effects are amenable to elimination or elimination.