How correctly to make a basement in the garage?

The cellar is an important object for everyday life. Here, the owners store various billets, food. The basement can be arranged both in the most private house, and in separately standing building. For those who live in an apartment, the second way will be the only possible option.

можно обустроить самостоятельно. The basement in the garage can be arranged independently. For this, it is necessary to consider a detailed instruction for the construction. Each stage is performed in a certain sequence. Only when all the recommendations and prescriptions of sanitary and building codes are fulfilled can a high final result be obtained.

Sequencing

, необходимо в первую очередь рассмотреть последовательность этапов проведения этого процесса. Studying how to properly make a basement in the garage , you must first consider the sequence of stages of this process. Preparation begins at the design stage of the garage. Do it at this stage will be much easier than later digging out the cellar already in the finished building.

Also necessary to prepare the necessary equipment, materials. Next is a plan for future construction. Its arrangement is carried out according to a certain technology. At the first stage it is necessary to explore the features of the ground on the site for construction.

Based on the studies carried out, a basement project is created, drafts are prepared, and the required amount of materials is calculated. After this, you can start earthworks.

After the construction of the pit, floor, walls and ceilings are created. Mounted hydro and thermal insulation. Ventilation is established. At the final stage, you should buy a ladder and carry out lighting. Racks, boxes are installed.

Features of soil

, необходимо произвести разведывательные мероприятия относительно особенностей грунта на участке. Before creating a garage project with a basement , it is necessary to carry out reconnaissance measures regarding the features of the ground on the site. From its density will depend on the choice of methods of construction, as well as the technology involved.

If the soil is loose enough, you can excavate the excavation manually. However, it often happens that the land on the site is solid. It is difficult to unearth with a shovel. In this case, you will have to consider the possibility of using an escalator. Special equipment should be free to approach the building site.

It is also necessary to know the level of occurrence of groundwater in the area. If such sources approach close to the surface, it will be necessary to provide a layer of high-quality, thick waterproofing. The foundation in this case will be poured with high-density monolithic concrete. In addition to the depth of groundwater, it is necessary to find out to what extent the soil freezes in winter. This determines the choice of the basement warming system.

Preparation for construction

. After carrying out of reconnaissance works the garage project with a cellar is created . The depth of the pit should be 1.7-1.9 m. The width of the interior should be 2-2.5 m. Specialists do not recommend increasing this figure.

Drawing up a drawing of the room with an indication of all the dimensions will allow you to calculate the required amount of materials. The distance from the walls should be about 50 cm. So much space will take a layer of waterproofing.

If the foundation is of a belt type, the level of the base of the room should exceed 30 cm from its mark. This option can only be selected if the calculations confirm that carrying out such work will not damage the construction. The surface of the strip foundation can be used as a wall.

The plan should indicate the waterproofing, ventilation system. The most practical option for creating an entrance is a hatch with a ladder. If the basement is large, you can build steps from concrete.

Types of cellars

All the cellars can be divided into two types. составляющие единую конструкцию. In the first case, a house is built with a basement and a garage, making up a single structure. In the second variant, the garage and basement will be located at a certain distance from the main building.

The pit can be recessed completely or only half way. The choice depends on the features of the operation and the capabilities of the hosts. If groundwater is close to the surface, the hosts can create a semi-buried pit. Its walls are poured out of cinder block. They can also be laid out of bricks. The depth of the pit is only about 70-90 cm.

Very popular are fully recessed pits. Their depth can be 1.5-3 m. Underground waters should not approach the basement basement closer than 50 cm.

Creating a pit

требует проведения раскопок. The basement in the garage requires excavations. This work is quite heavy. Therefore, it is best to carry it out together with your partners. Sometimes it is possible to dig a pit for the basement manually with the help of shovels.

If the soil is dense, it will be necessary to resort to the help of an excavator. However, this will probably be done before the erection of the garage. If it is already built, it will be almost impossible to get the equipment inside the building.

The pit should have small dimensions. Its walls, the floor should be well tampered with. This simplifies the finishing work. If, in the arrangement of the pit, it turns out that the groundwater approaches the surface closer than anticipated, it will be necessary to immediately cover a thick layer of insulation. It will be easier to mount, if the base was well aligned.

Materials

предполагает тщательный выбор материалов. The construction of a garage with a basement involves a careful selection of materials. They are different in value. The fastest way to make the walls can be using reinforced concrete slabs. This is one of the most expensive options. Cheaper to cost decoration monolithic concrete. It is also possible to use a qualitatively calcined red brick. This material has an acceptable value. Slag-concrete and silicate brick is not recommended.

To make a foundation, you will need to buy concrete grade M100. You can also prepare the solution yourself. For this, cement M400 is purchased. It is mixed with rubble and sand. The floor is filled with mortar, and also the walls are finished.

Formwork is collected from solid solid boards. For waterproofing, you can use the method of laying several layers of ruberoid on molten resin.

Floor arrangement

необходимо изучить технологию создания пола. Considering how to build a basement in a garage, you need to learn the technology of creating a floor. The base will be raised several dozen centimeters after finishing. First, lay a pillow of sand. It should be 20 cm thick. Pillow laid layerwise. Each one must be tampered with. If necessary, sand is mixed with water.

Strengthen the bottom of the foundation pit by using a layer of gravel. Its thickness should be about 25 cm. It is also well compacted. The floor can be concrete, ground or clay. In the first version, reinforcement is used. This is the most reliable way. The screed should dry well.

Floor made of clay is considered an inexpensive and environmentally friendly option. The first layer of clay should be thick. It is lined with waterproofing. Then the second layer of clay is poured.

The ground floor is less reliable. The earth is poured onto a sand cushion and waterproofing. It is well tamped.

Walls

могут быть созданы из твердых материалов. The walls in the basement of the garage can be created from solid materials. This can be reinforced concrete or foam blocks. The second option is simpler. Walls of concrete require the use of reinforcement. The grid is assembled without welding. Next, you need to make the formwork. For this, ordinary boards are used.

Before pouring concrete between the walls of the pit and the finish it is necessary to pour a layer of clay. The thickness should be about 15 cm. It is especially important to perform this procedure in an area where groundwater flows close to the surface.

Concrete for walls should have a strength class of M400. You can add a little bit of crushed rock to it. In the formwork the solution is poured gradually, in layers (20 cm each). They should be pierced. The solution is poured to the level of the future overlap. Finish should be well dried naturally.

The use of foam concrete blocks accelerates and simplifies the process. In this case, do not need to install a waterproofing. The work is done quickly.

Sunroof and ceiling

, следует уделить внимание обустройству перекрытия. Studying how to make a basement in the garage , you should pay attention to the arrangement of the floor. It should be durable. Overlapping must withstand the weight of the machine, which will stand on the base of the garage. The best way to do this is to use a reinforced frame and a concrete slab.

If the cellar is small, the ceiling can be made of solid boards. From the inside, the ceiling must be well insulated. Overlapping has a hatch. Its roof should be double.

Then you can install the ladder. She goes to the first lid from the bottom of the floor in the cellar. If desired, the ladder can be laid out from the foam blocks. The room in this case should be large.

Waterproofing

должен обладать качественной гидроизоляцией. The basement in the garage must have a high-quality waterproofing. Otherwise, the whole building will not be durable and reliable. Since the cellar is completely underground, the waterproofing must be of very high quality.

If the soil is dry, you can do only bitumen varieties of insulating materials. And in this case, its hot variety is used. Surfaces are coated with a layer of bitumen.

For moist soils in which the probability of raising groundwater is high, another method will do. In this case, the surfaces are pasted with a roll ruberoid. It is made with the addition of bitumen mastic. If necessary, during the wear process, this material can easily be replaced. Repair will not take long.

Waterproofing is laid on the base of the floor. It is planted and on the walls at a height of about 15 cm. This will avoid the processes of rotting indoors.

Ventilation

является важным элементом постройки. Ventilation in the basement of the garage is an important building element. Without it, the damp will accumulate inside the cellar, a fungus will appear. Store products under such conditions will become impossible. The ventilation plan must be drawn at the stage of creating the building drawings.

You can make natural or mandatory ventilation. In the first case, the expenditure of forces and time will be minimal. This requires two pipes. According to one of them, air will enter the cellar, and the second - leave the room. The outlet of the supply pipe should be located at a distance of 20 cm from the floor. Its second end is displayed on the street and covered with a protective visor and net. The exhaust pipe should be removed at a distance of 20 cm before overlapping.

Forced ventilation involves the installation of special equipment. Costs in this case will be higher. This system is necessary for a large cellar. For a small cellar, you can choose natural ventilation.

Completion of construction

требует установки качественной теплоизоляции. The basement in the garage requires the installation of high-quality insulation. Otherwise, all stocks will freeze in winter. The insulation material is mounted from the inside and outside of the walls. In this case, no condensation will form.

In some cases, the basement will need to be heated with a stove or other similar equipment. This will keep the reserves at a temperature outside the garage walls of less than -10 ° C.

Then you can carry out the lighting. It should not be too powerful. To do this, a simple housekeeper will do. Wires should be characterized by a high class of insulation. All connections must be carried out using modern types of terminals. The switch should be installed inside the garage. It can also be installed in front of the entrance to the basement. It is desirable to protect the bulb with a plastic casing. This will prevent the damaging effect of moisture on it, reduce the risk of a short circuit.

каждый сможет произвести подобную процедуру самостоятельно. After considering the technology, how to create a basement in the garage, everyone can make a similar procedure on their own. Following the recommendations of professional builders, you can create a reliable, durable structure. Billets in it will be stored until the very spring.