Genichesk is Crimea? The city of Genichesk. Genichesk on the map

Genichesk is Crimea? No. A typical seaside seaport is located on the Azov coast. It is the regional center of the Kherson region and is known as the land of fishermen, shepherds, textile workers, wine growers and grain growers.

History of occurrence

The city of Genichesk was formed two hundred years ago on the still desolate shore of the Azov Sea. The development of table salt was not far away. The name of the settlement originated from the Tatar "jenichke", which means "thin".

According to the assumptions of archaeologists, in ancient times there was a fortress on the territory of the city. And even today one can see the underground passages of the once magnificent building, reaching four or five kilometers in length. The initial versions of the name Genichesk - Genichi, Enichi, Janice.

Geographical information

Many people who are not familiar with the geographic situation of this locality believe that the city is located on the territory of the Crimean peninsula. However, when you try to find it there, you fail. And no wonder. The map of the Crimea will not help us to orientate ourselves in the location of the object of interest. Genichesk is located in the northwestern part of the Azov coast, to be more precise - at the confluence of the northernmost point of the Arabatskaya arrows and the Thin strait (the latter is the connecting link between the Utylyuk estuary and Sivash). Although, for the sake of justice, we note that up to the Crimea there is a stone's throw.

This area was inhabited by our distant ancestors. So, in the cities-colonies of the northern Azov Sea, life was already boiling in the middle of the first century but of our era.

"Map of the Black Sea coast along Ptolemy" includes the designations of Greek settlements on the northwest coast of the Sea of Azov under the names Lejan and Akra. They were located next to the modern Genic. This fact is confirmed by the "Map of the Crimea and its seas washing", compiled by A. Jenkinson in 1562. Subsequently, it was included in the first geographical atlas of A. Ortelia under the title "The spectacle of the world of the earth" (1590). Right in the place where Genichesk is today, the Neontikhos settlement is indicated on the map.

Archaeological riddles

For more than a decade, local ethnographers have been searching for the ruins of a Turkish or Crimean-Tatar fortress in the territory where Genichesk is now located. Now they have already managed to confirm the location of the military fortification erected during the Crimean Khanate, slightly away from the settlement.

Evliya Celebi - a famous Turkish traveler - described the city fortress in his book. A whole chapter entitled "Praise to the beautiful castle Chenishka" is dedicated to the fortress with a metal gate and wooden roof, built on the orders of the Crimean khan at the northern tip of the Arabatskaya arrow in 1640.

Different hosts

Over the centuries, representatives of different nationalities dominated the territory of the Azov Sea. On the vast expanses of Eurasia, it looked like a small grain of Genichesk. Is this Crimea? No. Although it is only a couple of kilometers from the peninsula so interesting today. As the importance of Russia increased, so did the attitude towards this small village. Thanks to the efforts of more than one generation, the well-known path "from the Varangians to the Greeks" was revived, in which among many others there was once the Russian city-fortress Genichesk of the Kherson region.

The last two centuries Tavrida and the adjacent steppes were the most important area of Russia's southern borders. Genichesk, no doubt, played a worthy role as a kind of border crossing point.

Battle Destination

Until the beginning of the twentieth century (during the wars of Russians with Turks), the city was a defensive, evacuation and food point of the country on the Azov coast. In the years 1853-1856. During the Crimean War Genichesk ensured an effective confrontation with the advance of enemy troops deep into the continent. He acted as a rear point, a place for the concentration of reserve troops and militia units of the Russian army. Serious food reserves were kept on its territory for the defenders of Sevastopol.

In May 1855, the Anglo-French navy managed to break through into the waters of the Azov Sea. Defenders Genichesk were in a difficult situation - they had only two guns, an infantry battalion and two hundred Azov Cossacks. Destroyed settlement burned ...

A long way from settlement to the city

In 1903, the town of Genichesk gained the status of a city. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this settlement was famous for its bread, salt and fish trade. On the peninsula Chongar, which is near the city, they grew the famous "arnautku" wheat. It was intended for export. In the local port moored ships from France, England and other distant countries.

As time went by, Genichesk gradually recovered completely after the Crimean campaign. Thanks to its favorable location, it has become one of the main ports in the south of the country. Azov landowners actively used the opportunity to send wool, salt and bread abroad. Nevertheless, until the revolution of 1917, the city of Genichesk on the map of the Kherson region was not distinguished from a dozen other small settlements. Nothing remarkable, except for wine stores, shops and vodka shops ...

Important city dweller

In 1913 in Genichesk from the Theodosia district came zemsky doctor - Dmitry Ulyanov, who was his brother Vladimir Lenin. He was in close contact with local Bolshevik underground organizations. Until now, you can find Lenin's street in the city.

Legendary events

Many Russians today are concerned with the question: "Genichesk is a member of the Crimea?" Such curiosity is not surprising. Not only is this a famous resort area, so it still has a very convenient geographical location. That is why this city became the place of organization of the Military Revolutionary Committee. It happened in 1918 (early January), after the sailor Ptakhov arrived there with a group of sailors from Sevastopol. The committee consisted of the following persons: Mikhail Izakson - experienced Bolshevik-underground, the aforementioned Ptakhov, as well as Bolshevik Kudrik. From this point on, historians begin to count the process of Genichesk's transition to the side of Soviet power, although even before 1920, battles were fought in its territory with varying success. Such legendary figures as the father Makhno, Frunze, Voroshilov, Wrangel, Budyonny and Blyukher, fought for their ideas in Sivash, Arabatskaya and Perekop.

A valuable product

Near the city is located the coast of Sivash. This system of shallow bays is fueled by the Azov waters, however, during the summer, under the influence of the hot sun and winds, at least one billion cubic meters of water "disappears". This is even more than comes from the sea. The water that remains is the richest, highly concentrated solution of salts. Advantageous properties of Sivash were noticed by our distant ancestors - saline fishing in these parts for more than a thousand years. The famous Chumak shliakh appeared in the times of Ancient Rus, and later a valuable product was transported to Lithuania, Poland, the Far East, and even Egypt and Japan.

Gold sand

Very many, thinking about where to go on vacation, are interested in: Genichesk is Crimea? No. Nevertheless, there are also beautiful coasts. They are great places to relax and admire the sea. There are several wonderful sandy beaches in the city. The entrance to the water is gentle - the first hundred or two hundred meters you need to go in shallow water.

The main resort attraction of Genichesk is the Arabatskaya arrow, which is a narrow strip of land leaving the city for more than 100 kilometers. Its surface is flat, and the banks are literally cut by picturesque bays and shallow groves. Numerous boarding houses, children's camps and tourist bases hide in the shade of poplar and maple groves.

Ninety kilometers from Genicheska is Askania Nova, a well-known reserve. On its territory there operates the Research Institute. Ivanova. There live unique animals brought from different corners of the planet, and plantations of unusual tree species and shrubs grow. In addition, it is in this conservation area that the only part of the virgin steppe, covered with gray feather grass, has been preserved in all Ukraine.

The state of the transport system

Genichesk is Crimea? No. But according to the Arabatskaya arrow you can get to the Kerch peninsula. The bridges are built through the Promuin and Thin straits. From the village of Strelkovoye to Genicheska can be reached by asphalt and concrete road. The latter was laid out of the plates of the now inoperative genius airfield. Off-road suddenly starts near the entrance to the village. Rifle. This section of the road is quite deservedly compared with a comb or a washing board, but all because it is cut by transverse crests of five to eight centimeters in height. The distance between them is about 30 cm.

In the southern part (from the Crimean Peninsula) between the villages of Solyanoye and Kamenskoye there is a sandy road strewn with rubble, with small elements of the "comb". Due to unsatisfactory condition, transport communication on it is not established. To conquer this part of the road are solved only by autotravelers and local residents.

Only a few route flights have been developed from Shtalkovoi to Kherson and Genichesk. We can say that the passenger transport network is not developed here. Most people who want to relax in these picturesque places have to use their personal vehicles.

Conclusion

If you are interested in archeology and want to have a good rest, go to Genichesk. Ukraine can boast of excellent resorts, and this city is no exception. It has many boarding houses and sanatoria, in addition, you can stay in the private sector.