Gastroscopy of the stomach. How to do gastroscopy of the stomach. Proper preparation for gastric gastroscopy

An upset stomach is most often not associated with food poisoning. The causes of discomfort, in many cases, are exacerbations of various chronic diseases of the digestive tract. In particular, the stomach, esophagus, pancreas or intestine can be disturbed.

To what doctor to address?

To determine the exact cause of deterioration, you should visit a specialist - a gastroenterologist. The doctor conducts an examination, appoints a comprehensive examination. In particular, the specialist recommends gastroscopy of the stomach. This method of diagnosis makes it possible to identify various organ pathologies.

In what cases is the study assigned?

Gastroscopy of the stomach is recommended for pain in the epigastric region, due to food intake. As a rule, in this case, discomfort appears after a few minutes after eating or on an empty stomach. The study is administered with frequent vomiting or nausea, belching with a sour taste. It is recommended in the presence of a constant sensation of raspiraniya or heaviness in the stomach after eating. Indications for the procedure include frequent vomiting with an admixture of blood or a meal taken the day before, heartburn.

Gastroscopy of the stomach is used in cases of suspected organ pathology. In this case, the probability is the occurrence of acute or chronic atrophic gastritis (disturbances in the production of gastric juice), peptic ulcer disease (a condition characterized by the formation of defects in the mucosa in the form of an ulcer) or its aggravation and complications (bleeding, narrowing of the lumen and others). The study is prescribed for suspected polyps (build-up on the shell), cancer and other pathologies. This method of diagnosis is recommended for patients who underwent gastric examination without gastroscopy, but no violations were found, despite the presence of subjective symptoms. During the procedure, a biopsy can be performed - a suspicious tissue site is taken for later examination under a microscope. This method of diagnosis is considered the most important in detecting stomach cancer. If there is a suspicion of developing a peptic ulcer, the specialist takes a scraping with the mucosa. The resulting material is further investigated using special methods for the presence of pathogens - Helicobacter pylori.

Measures before the diagnosis

Preparation for gastric gastroscopy includes not only physiological procedures. Of no little importance is the psychological mood of the patient. There is an opinion that during or after the procedure, there are unpleasant sensations in the area under investigation. In this regard, many patients are afraid of this survey. The gastroenterologist, in turn, should convince the patient of the painlessness of the method. It should be noted that modern equipment makes the procedure quite tolerable. Nevertheless, despite the use of the most modern video endoscopes, it is unpleasant for a person to swallow a hose with a camera. In this regard, experts advise patients to take sedatives that help prevent gag reflex. Before the procedure, the patient should be given the necessary tests - which ones, the doctor will prescribe. For a few days before the expected date of the study, it is recommended to adhere to a special diet. The gastroenterologist will tell you what foods you can and what should not be consumed. The forbidden includes alcohol. Twelve hours before the study, you must stop eating.

Immediately before the procedure, if the psychological preparation for gastroscopy of the stomach has not given the desired effect, the patient may be asked to conduct a survey in a dream. In this case, the patient is given a sleeping pill. The drug lasts about an hour. The patient falls asleep, and after awakening finds out about the successful carrying out of gastroscopy. The medications used in this case are safe, they can be taken even with a severe ulcer disease for daily studies. Specialists note that this method of "unconscious" research has a side effect. After the diagnosis and awakening the patient is in a somewhat inhibited state. In this regard, on the day of the study, it is not recommended to drive or engage in any other potentially hazardous activity. In case of diabetes or epilepsy, the patient should be informed about this to the doctor. It should also be put the specialist aware of intolerance or hypersensitivity to any medication (especially, to lidocaine or novocaine), to certain foods.

Alternative method

In the event that the patient still does not agree to conduct the study in a traditional way, gastroscopy of the stomach with a capsule is recommended. In any case, the patient will have to swallow. But the capsule is much smaller than the hose, its length is about one and a half centimeters. Inside the camera is placed, which is designed for uninterrupted work for seven hours. After the end of the procedure, the capsule comes out naturally from the body during the defecation process. When conducting a study by a similar method of preparation, a special one is not required. The patient simply swallows the capsule and drinks with water.

How do gastroscopy of the stomach?

Diagnosis is carried out in a clinic or hospital. The study is carried out in a special office of the FGD. When using the traditional method, a gastrointestinal gastroscopy is performed by an expert under anesthesia. Local anesthesia acts in the region of the pharyngeal ring. Simultaneously with anesthesia, medications are introduced into the blood that help to relax the swallowing muscles. As an anesthetic, injection of novocaine or throat treatment with lidocaine can be used. After anesthesia, the patient is offered to clamp the teeth with a special mouthpiece. Through this device, an endoscope is inserted. In the process, sufficiently intense vomiting may occur. The patient should calm down. It is recommended to breathe deeply and evenly, despite the fact that the procedure can bring some discomfort. The less resistance the patient will have, the faster the study will be conducted. In the process of diagnosis, a specialist examines the inner surface of the stomach. A routine study without additional manipulation takes about three minutes.

Features of the study in the child

Gastroscopy of the stomach can be prescribed not only to adults, but also to children. Due to the fact that the child behaves, as a rule, very restless, the diagnosis is carried out under general anesthesia. The diameter of the optical tube (endoscope) is selected in accordance with the age of the patient. For children, the size does not exceed usually 6-9 millimeters.

How is the diagnosis using a capsule

When using an alternative method, the capsule "travels" after digestion into the digestive system, examining the mucous in detail. In the process, data on the condition of the walls of the digestive tract are recorded. After viewing the information received from the camera, the doctor, using a special program, establishes an accurate diagnosis. It should be said that the drawback of this method of investigation is the impossibility of performing a biopsy of the mucosa.

Gastroscopy of the stomach. Reviews

When carrying out the diagnosis in a traditional way, many patients experience discomfort, unpleasant sensations when the tube is swallowed. As a rule, this happens with excessive nervousness and fear of the procedure itself. In a quiet state the process delivers a minimum of inconvenience. Feedback from some patients indicates the presence of unpleasant sensations in the throat for one to two days after the test. In general, the procedure is tolerated satisfactorily. The undoubted advantage of this study is its short duration. Specialists note that in some (extremely rare) cases, bleeding may occur after the procedure. This may be due to damage to the wall of the organ being examined. But today doctors use the latest developments in diagnostics. In this regard, any damage to the stomach is virtually excluded.

Additional Features

Gastroscopy can be used to perform therapeutic manipulations. In particular, during the procedure, the specialist removes polyps - excessive proliferation that occurs on the mucosa, which in many cases can lead to the development of cancer, if not removed. In the process of research, it is possible to stop the bleeding of a stomach ulcer, apply medications directly to the site of damage. In the case of additional manipulations of a curative or preventive nature, the duration of the procedure can be increased to ten to fifteen minutes. It should be noted that the capsular method does not allow carrying out other measures, except for diagnostic ones.

How much will research cost?

The cost of the procedure depends on the volume of the study, as well as the method by which gastroscopy of the stomach will be performed. Prices in Moscow, for example, range from one to forty-five thousand rubles. The most complex will be a comprehensive study of the entire digestive tract with a capsule method. A diagnostic express test for Helicobacter pilori is considered the cheapest procedure. In the regions, the cost may be lower. But at the same time it must be said that in the large cities the most modern equipment is used and highly qualified specialists work.

Conclusion

Gastroscopy is considered one of the most important procedures included in the complex of diagnostic measures to identify pathologies in the digestive system. Experts recommend to undergo a regular examination. When appointing a procedure by a gastroenterologist, one should not ignore his prescriptions. It should be noted that in some countries this type of diagnosis is mandatory and is part of a comprehensive survey, which is conducted annually. In Japan, for example, people are registered for the procedure as they wish. According to statistics, in this country only a small percentage of the population suffers from stomach cancer and other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Of no small importance is this type of diagnosis in the examination of children. Gastroscopy can detect diseases at the earliest stages. In addition, using the traditional method of research, it is possible to take biological material for more detailed study. Thus, the specialist will put an accurate diagnosis and will select the optimal treatment for the patient.