Element of composition in artwork: examples

Today we speak on the topic: "Traditional elements of composition." But first you should remember what a "composition" is. For the first time we meet this term in school. But everything flows, everything changes, gradually even the strongest knowledge is erased. Therefore, we read, we rub the old one, and fill the missing gaps.

Composition in the literature

What is a composition? First of all, we seek help from an explanatory dictionary and find out that in a literal translation from Latin this term means "compilation, composition". Needless to say, without "writing", that is, without "composition", no work of art is possible (examples follow) and no text as a whole. Hence, it turns out that the composition in the literature is a certain order of the arrangement of parts of the work of art. In addition, these are some forms and methods of artistic representation, which have a direct connection with the content of the text.

Basic elements of composition

When we open the book, the first thing we hope for and what we look forward to is a beautiful entertaining narrative that will surprise or keep us in suspense, and after a long time not letting go, causing again and again to mentally return to the read. In this sense, the writer is a real artist, who first of all shows and does not tell. He avoids direct type text: "And now I will tell you." On the contrary, his presence is invisible, unobtrusive. But what is necessary to know and be able to do this?

Compositional elements - this is the palette in which the artist - the master of the word, mixes his colors, so that later a bright, colorful plot will turn out. These include: monologue, dialogue, description, narrative, image system, copyright retreat, plug-in genres, plot, plot. Next - about each of them in more detail.

Monologic speech

Depending on how many people or characters in the work of art participate in the speech - one, two or more - singling out a monologue, dialogue and a polylogue. The latter is a kind of dialogue, so we will not dwell on it. Consider only the first two.

A monologue is an element of composition, consisting in the use by the author of speech of one character, which does not presuppose an answer or does not receive it. As a rule, it is addressed to listeners in a dramatic work or to yourself.

Depending on the function, the text distinguishes such types of monologue as: technical - a description of the hero of the events that have occurred or are happening now; Lyrical - the hero's transfer of his strong emotional experiences; Monologue-acceptance - the inner reflections of the character who is facing a difficult choice.

The following types are distinguished in the form: the author's word is the author's appeal to the readers, most often through this or that character; Stream of consciousness - the free flow of the hero's thoughts as they are, without obvious logic and not adhering to the rules of literary speech construction; The dialectic of reasoning is a statement by the hero of all the pros and cons; A dialogue in solitude - the character's mental appeal to another actor; Apart - in drama, a few words aside, which characterize the present state of the hero; Stanzas - also in the dramatic lyrical reflections of the character.

Dialogue speech

Dialogue is another element of composition, a conversation between two or more actors. Usually dialogical speech is an ideal means of conveying the clash of two opposing points of view. It also helps to create an image, reveal a person, character.

Here I want to say about the so-called dialogue of questions, which involves a conversation consisting entirely of questions, and the response of one of the characters - this is the question, and the answer to the previous remark at the same time. Artwork (examples follow) Khudmagomedov Aydin Asadullaevich "Gorianka" - a vivid confirmation of this.

Description

What is man? This is a special character, and the individuality, and the unique appearance, and the environment in which he was born, was brought up and exists at this moment in his life, and his house, and the things he surrounds himself, and people far and near, and surrounding Its nature ... The list can be continued indefinitely. Therefore, creating an image in a literary work, a writer should look at his hero from all possible sides and describe, not missing a single detail, even more - create new "shades" that can not even be imagined. In the literature, the following types of artistic descriptions are distinguished: portrait, interior, landscape.

Portrait

This is one of the most important compositional elements in the literature. He describes not only the appearance of the hero, but also his inner world - the so-called psychological portrait. Varied and the place of a portrait in an artwork. A book can begin with it, or, on the contrary, it can end (AP Chekhov, Ionich). Description of appearance can be and immediately after the character committed some act (Lermontov, "Hero of Our Time"). In addition, the author can draw a character in one fell swoop, monolithic (Raskolnikov in "Crime and Punishment", Prince Andrew in "War and Peace"), and another time and dispel traits in the text ("War and Peace", Natasha Rostova). Basically, the writer himself takes up the brush, but sometimes grants this right to some of the actors, for example, Maxim Maksimych in the novel "The Hero of Our Time", so that he describes Pechorin as accurately as possible. The portrait can be written ironically (Ippolit Kuragin), satirically (Napoleon in War and Peace) and "ceremonial". Under the "magnifying glass" of the author, sometimes only the person, a certain detail or the whole thing - the figure, manners, gestures, clothes (Oblomov) gets.

Description of the interior

Interior - this element of the composition of the novel, allowing the author to create a description of the dwelling of the hero. It is no less valuable than a portrait, because the description of the kind of room, atmosphere, atmosphere prevailing in the house - all this plays an invaluable role in conveying the characteristics of the character, in understanding the depth of the created image. The interior also reveals a close connection with the artistic detail, which is the part through which the whole is known, and the one through which the multiple is seen. So, for example, Dostoevsky in the novel "Idiot" in the gloomy house Rogozhin "hung" the picture of Holbein's "Dead Christ", in order to once again pay attention to the irreconcilable struggle of true faith with passions, with unbelief in Rogozhin's soul.

Landscape - a description of nature

As Fedor Tyutchev wrote, nature is not what we imagine, it is not soulless. On the contrary, it is much hidden in it: the soul, and freedom, and love, and language. The same can be said about the landscape in a literary work. The author, with the help of such an element of composition as the landscape, depicts not only nature, terrain, city, architecture, but thereby reveals the state of the character, and contrasts the naturalness of nature with conditional human convictions, acts as a symbol.

Remember the description of the oak tree when Prince Andrey went to the Rostov house in the novel War and Peace. How he (oak) was at the very beginning of the journey - an old, sullen, "contemptuous freak" among the smiling birch trees and the world. But at the second meeting, he unexpectedly blossomed, refreshed, despite a century-old hard bark. He still obeyed the spring and life. The oak in this episode is not only a landscape, a description of the animating nature after a long winter, but also a symbol of what happened in the soul of the prince of change, a new stage in his life that managed to "break" the already almost rooted desire to be an outcast of life until the end of his days .

Narrative

Unlike the description, which is static, nothing is happening in it, nothing changes and in general it answers the question "what?", The narrative includes the action, transmits the "sequence of events" and the key question for it is "what happened ? ». Speaking figuratively, the narration as an element of the composition of a work of art can be represented in the form of a slide show - a quick change of pictures illustrating a plot.

Image system

As each person has his own network of lines on the pads of the fingers, which forms a unique pattern, and each work has its own unique system of images. This includes the image of the author, if any, the image of the narrator, the main characters, the heroes, the antipodes, the secondary heroes, and so on. Their relationship is built according to the author's ideas and goals.

Copyright retreat

Or lyrical digression is the so-called non-original element of composition, by means of which the author's personality breaks into the plot, thus interrupting the immediate course of the narrative narrative. What is it for? First of all, to establish a special emotional contact between the author and the reader. Here the writer does not act as a narrator, but opens his soul, raises deeply personal questions, discusses moral, aesthetic, philosophical themes, shares his memories from his own life. Thus, the reader is able to take a breath before the flow of the following events, to dwell and deepen the idea of the work, to ponder over the questions posed to him.

Plugins genres

This is another important compositional element, which is not only a necessary part of the plot, but also serves to more extensive, deep disclosure of the hero's personality, helps to understand the reason for his or her life choice, his inner world and so on. Any genre of literature can be inserted . For example, stories are the so-called story in the story (the novel "Hero of Our Time"), poems, novels, poems, songs, fables, letters, parables, diaries, sayings, proverbs and many others. They can be both your own work and someone else's.

Plot and plot

These two concepts are often either confused with each other, or mistakenly believe that they are one and the same. But they should be distinguished. The plot is, so to say, the skeleton, the basis of the book, in which all parts are interconnected and follow one after another in the order that is necessary for the full realization of the author's idea, the disclosure of the idea. In other words, the events in the story can occur in different time periods. The plot is the foundation, but in a more concise form, and plus is the sequence of events in their strictly chronological order. For example, birth, childhood, adolescence, adolescence, maturity, old age, death - this is the plot, the plot is maturity, memories from childhood, adolescence, adolescence, lyrical digressions, old age and death.

Subject composition

The plot, just like the literary work itself, has its own stages of development. In the center of any plot there is always a conflict around which the main events develop.

The book begins with an exposition or prologue, that is, with an "explanation", a description of that situation, the starting point from which it all began. Then follows the string, one might say, the foresight of future events. At this stage, the reader begins to realize that the future conflict is not far off. As a rule, it is in this part that the main characters meet, who are destined to together, pass side by side through the coming trials.

We continue to list the elements of the story composition. The next stage is the development of action. Usually this is the most weighty piece of text. Here the reader is already becoming an invisible participant in the events, he is familiar with everyone, he feels the salt of what is happening, but is still intrigued. Gradually, his centrifugal force sucks in, slowly, unexpectedly for himself, he finds himself in the very center of the whirlpool. There is a culmination - the peak when the main characters and the reader themselves are hit by a real storm of feelings and a sea of emotions. And then, when it is already clear that the worst is behind and you can breathe, the door is gently knocking at the door. She chews everything, explains every detail, puts all the things on the shelves - each in its place, and the tension slowly subsides. Epilogue also sums up the final line and briefly outlines the further life of the main and secondary heroes. However, not all subjects have the same structure. The traditional elements of the fairytale composition are completely different.

Fairy tale

A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it. Which one? The elements of the composition of the fairy tale are radically different from their "fellow", although you do not notice it when reading, light and easy. This is the talent of a writer or even of a whole people. As instructed by Alexander Sergeevich, reading fairy tales is simply necessary, especially common people, because they contain all the properties of the Russian language.

So, what are they - the traditional elements of a fairytale composition? The first words - this is a saying that tunes to a fabulous mood and promises a lot of miracles. For example: "This fairy tale will tell from the morning itself and till dinner, eating soft bread ..." When the listeners relax, they sit more comfortably and are ready to listen further, it's time to begin and begin. The main characters, place and time of action are presented, and one more feature that divides the world into two parts - real and magical.

Next comes the fairy tale itself, in which repetitions are often encountered to reinforce the impression and the gradual approach to the denouement. In addition, poetry, songs, onomatopoeia to animals, dialogues - all these are also integral elements of the composition of a fairy tale. The fairy tale has its own ending, which sort of sums up all the wonders, but at the same time hints at the infinity of the magical world: "They live, live and make good".