Earth is what? Value, a synonym for the word "earth"

The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. By its size, it takes the fifth place in the system. Earth is the only person known to the heavenly body, populated by living organisms.

Historical background

Literary sources use such a synonym for the word Earth, as the "Blue Planet". As studies show, the celestial body under consideration was formed about 4.54 billion years ago from the solar nebula. The only natural companion is the moon. Presumably, it arose shortly after the formation of the planet. Life on Earth, according to scientists, appeared about 3.9 billion years ago. Since that time, the biosphere of the planet began to influence the atmosphere and other abiotic factors. This led to an increase in the number of aerobic organisms, and activated the formation of the ozone layer. The latter, together with the magnetic field, weakens the impact of the life-threatening radiation of the Sun.

Elements of the planet

The earth's crust is divided into a series of segments - tectonic plates. They are in constant motion. The speed of their movement per year is several centimeters. The composition, structure and regularities of the development of the planet is studied by geology. In the photo of the Earth you can see that about 71% is occupied by the World Ocean. On the rest of the planet there are islands and continents. The mainland includes rivers, lakes, ice, underground waters. Together with the World Ocean they form a hydrosphere. No other planet known to man has water in liquid form, suitable for life forms. At the poles of the Earth is the marine Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets.

Internal structure

Underground areas are quite active. They consist of a viscous and thick layer - the mantle. It covers the outer (liquid) core. The latter acts as the source of the magnetic field of the planet. Inside the Earth there is also a solid core. Presumably, it consists of nickel and iron. In the photo of the Earth, presented in the article, you can clearly see the inner structure of the planet.

Space Activity

The physical characteristics of the planet and its orbital movements contribute to the preservation of life during the last 3.5 billion years. The results of various studies show that the conditions for the habitation of organisms will continue to exist on the planet for another 0.5-2.3 billion years. By means of gravitational forces, the Earth interacts with other cosmic objects, including the Moon and the Sun. Around the latter, the planet does a full revolution in about 365.26 solar days. This period is called a sidereal year. The Earth's axis is inclined at an angle of 23.44 degrees. With respect to the perpendicular of the orbital plane. This causes seasonal changes with an interval in the tropical year (365.24 days). The duration of the earth's day is approximately 24 hours.

Moon

Its circulation around the Earth a natural satellite began about 4.53 billion years ago. The gravitational influence of the moon causes the occurrence of tides in the ocean. The satellite stabilizes the tilt of the Earth's axis, gradually slowing its rotation. According to a number of researchers, the fall of asteroids led to significant changes in the environment and the surface of the planet. In particular, they provoked a mass extinction of different types of organisms.

Geopolitics

The earth is a home for a huge number of living beings, including humans. The territory of the planet is divided between independent states. They establish diplomatic relations, trade-economic and other ties. In human culture, there are many ideas about the structure of the world. Among them, for example, is the theory of a flat Earth, a geocentric world system. The Gaia hypothesis was widely developed at one time. According to it, the planet is a single superorganism.

Earth: the meaning of the word

The term is used in various fields. In addition to the space sphere, the concept of "earth" is interpreted as:

1. Land. It is opposed to any water surface.
2. The soil. Lands (in the plural) are used to conduct agricultural and other productive activities.
3. A site belonging to any entity (citizen, institution, state).
4. Loose and clay rocks or the outdated name of insoluble, refractory oxides.

In occultism and alchemy, the term earth is also used. The meaning of the word in these cases is connected with the world element, along with fire, water, etc. In addition, the term is applied in the sphere of administrative division. In the Russian kingdom, land is a territory that was subordinated to one ruler. In Poland, it is the historical administrative unit. In Austria and Germany, the word earth indicates the federal structure of states.

Priming

This term is also used as a synonym for the word earth. The surface is the surface lithospheric layer of the planet. The soil has fertility. It is represented as a polyfunctional heterogeneous open four-phase structural system. Soil is the result of the vital activity of organisms and the weathering of rocks. Fertile land is the most favorable substrate or habitat for plants, animals, microorganisms. It is interesting that in its biomass, the soil (land of the planet) is almost 700 times larger than the ocean, in spite of the fact that the first one accounts for less than 1/3 of the planet. What is fertile land for the state? It is considered the main wealth of the country, since it produces up to 90% of consumer products. In ancient times, the earth was also used as a building material. Degradation of the fertile layer leads to crop failure and famine.

What is land in the legal sense?

This term is used in civil law. Unfortunately, there is no clear explanation of the category "land" in the normative acts . The definition of the subject of legal regulation in this regard is considerably hampered. The term itself, as it becomes clear from the above information, is interpreted in different ways. Speaking of what land is, it is necessary to mention the relations of man, which are formed in the sphere of interaction of elements of nature and a complex of cultural, everyday and material objects. All these elements form the environment of people. Relations within it are regulated by environmental law. The term under consideration also means the surface layer of the soil, which is located above the bowels. This territory can be located within a particular state. Russia has large areas of land. According to Art. 67 of the Constitution, within the borders of the state are the territories of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the territorial sea, internal waters and air space above them.

Object of legal relations

Land in land law is a specific area with established boundaries and area. It is located in part of the area, has its legal status. Its characteristics are reflected in the cadastre and state registration documents. Land law is considered an independent legal branch. The identification of this sphere of relations necessitated the clarification of different terms for establishing uniformity in the interpretation and application of categories in practice. Let's consider some of them.

Common Categories

The land is property that can belong to a citizen, organization, subject of the Russian Federation, municipal formation or the state. On the territory, it is allowed to delimit a section for turning it into an independent object of civil circulation. Inside it can be determined by shares - conditional parts of law. They do not have specific boundaries, but they have a purpose. Land shares name the value expression of the share contributed to the authorized capital of the enterprise. In the Russian Federation there is a certain set of relations that have developed in the society on the basis of existing forms of ownership, as well as the types of uses, orders and possessions corresponding to them.

The problem of interpretation

It should be noted that the sphere of legal regulation of land relations during certain historical periods of the state development underwent a number of significant changes. Nevertheless, the reforms and the adoption of various normative acts do not eliminate the need to interpret the terms used. Moreover, according to a number of researchers, this need has acquired particular urgency. This is primarily due to the fact that modern legislative acts (federal in particular) as an obligatory element include the introductory part. It provides a system of terms, and explains them. The study and development of the definition will allow us to identify the place of the concept of "land" in the system of natural resources, which has a direct connection with it. As experts note, the problem of the formation of legal criteria, according to which it is possible to specify certain categories, has not been fully studied today. This issue continues to be a significant gap, creating great obstacles in the theoretical aspect and law enforcement practice. The assessment of the legislation makes it possible to establish that such characteristics of natural objects that are key to the development and implementation of special measures on the part of the state to ensure the rational use of available resources in the country are key in such criteria.

GOST 26640-85

In this state standard there is a definition of the term "land". Perhaps, this is the only normative document containing the interpretation of the category. The section of terms and definitions states that the earth is an important part of the natural environment. It is characterized by space, climate, relief, vegetation, fertile layer, waters, subsoil. According to GOST, land is the main means of production in forestry and agriculture. It has a spatial basis for locating organizations and enterprises of all branches of economic activity. Such a definition, according to experts, certainly has great practical value. It provides an opportunity to correctly compile and maintain cadastral documentation, resolve arising disputes. Along with this, experts note that such an interpretation does not reflect all the properties of land as a legal category. Explanation given in the GOST, undoubtedly, contains characteristics that are important for the sphere of legal regulation of relations. However, in view of the narrow purpose of this state standard, the disclosure of key properties of the earth is extremely inadequate. In addition, GOST does not have the force of law, as it acts as a normative document on standardization. Its provisions are binding for execution only within a limited range of relationships and issues.