MAZ-200: specifications, prices, photos and reviews

The Soviet truck MAZ-200 (photos are presented on page) is the most powerful car, created in the postwar period. In 1945, the last century at the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant assembled prototypes of the legendary machine. There they also passed tests. Then all the documentation was transferred to the Minsk Automobile Plant. In 1951, the mass production of a seven-ton MAZ-200 truck began.

Prehistory

In August 1945, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution "On the development of road transport." Based on this directive, the construction of the Minsk Automobile Plant began. According to the plan, 15,000 dump trucks were to be taken off the conveyor line annually, while simultaneously it was planned to set up production of heavy-duty trailers.

First of all, an experimental workshop was built in Minsk, as well as an engineering building. The department of the Chief Designer was fully staffed with specialists and could already issue production documentation. The personnel department worked with full load, there was a set of skilled workers, mechanics, mechanics, painters and drivers. In the postwar years, there was a shortage of specialists, the consequences of the war made themselves felt. However, the younger generation willingly went to the plant under construction, the youth realized the importance of the development of motor transport for the restoration of the national economy. The question of cadres, therefore, was resolved in a short time.

First steps

In January 1947, the Yaroslavl Plant sent several prototypes of the YAZ-200 on-board vehicle and the YAZ-205 dump truck, which immediately went into operation. And in autumn of 1947 the first five MAZs were assembled in the Minsk experimental workshop. The new cars participated in the festive demonstration on November 7, dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the October Revolution. After the holiday, all five MAZ-205 cars were handed over to the builders of the Minsk Automobile Plant.

The design of the YaAZ-205 and all the technical characteristics were completely repeated in the MAZ-205 model, the difference was only in the design of the radiator grille. At the Yaroslavl analog it was located horizontally, and at the Minsk car - vertically. The symbol of the Minsk production was the Belovezhsky bison, a beautiful powerful animal. He decorated the side panels of the engine compartment. The emblem was a miniature chrome-plated bas-relief and installed on all cars of serial production. Exhibition and gift copies were decorated with a statue of the Bialowieza bison, which was installed on the hood of the machine in the center.

Commencement of serial production

In 1948, 206 cars were produced at the Minsk Automobile Plant. The workshops were assembled, and wooden cabs were also manufactured. All components, units and units were imported from Yaroslavl and other regions. After commissioning of the first stage of the enterprise, the Minsk plant has earned full force. In 1949 500 dump trucks were produced.

The whole country followed the development of automobile production in Minsk. For the development of new heavy trucks, dump trucks and trailers, specialists from the Yaroslavl and Minsk Automobile Works were awarded the Stalin Prize. Among the laureates were Mazovians: Chief Technologist M. Yu. Koni, Chief Designer GM Kokin and Chief Engineer B. V. Obukhov. Director of the Minsk Automobile Plant GB Martirosov and a group of employees received government awards, medals and orders.

Production

The car took its place in the line of Soviet cargo vehicles along with ZILs and began to successfully carry out the tasks of transporting goods in the resurgent national economy of the country. The machine was operated practically on all territory of the USSR, its manufacture proceeded till 1965, all has been let out 230 000 cars. Individual specimens also worked in the eighties, thanks to a good repair base. At present, MAZ-200 trucks are a thing of the past, several surviving cars are rarities. Individual specimens are the pride of collectors.

MAZ-200, specifications

• Years of production - 1951-1965;
• Manufacturer - Minsk Automobile Plant;
• Class - freight;
• Layout - rear-wheel drive, front-engine;
• The wheel formula is 4 x 2.

Engine:

• Brand - YAAZ 204A;
• Location - longitudinal;
• Type - diesel;
• Power supply system - high-pressure injectors;
• The working volume of the cylinders is 4 654 cubic cm;
• Power - 110 liters. from. At 1300 rpm;
• Torque - 460 Nm, at 1200-1400 rpm;
• Number of cylinders - 4;
• The order of work 1 - 3 - 4 - 2;
• Compression ratio - 16;
• Diameter of the cylinder - 108 mm;
• Stroke of the piston - 127 mm;
• Configuration - in-line.

Transmission:

• Type - 5-speed, mechanical;
• The index is 204.

Gear Ratios:

• The fifth gear - 0,78;
• The fourth gear is 1.00;
• The third gear is 1,79;
• Second gear - 3.40;
• The first transmission - 6.17;
• Reverse gear - 6,69;
• The main transfer of leading bridges - 8.21;

The clutch is a double-disk dry.

Dimensions and weight:

• Curb weight - 6560 kg;
• Gross weight - 23 060 kg;
• Ground clearance (ground clearance) - 290 mm;
• Front track - 1950 mm;
• Rear track - 1920 mm;
• Wheelbase - 4520 mm;
• Length - 7620 mm;
• Height - 2430 mm;
• Width - 2650 mm.

The fuel consumption is 35 liters per 100 kilometers.

The volume of the fuel tank is 225 liters.

Chassis and steering

• Type of steering gear - worm-sector;
• The gear ratio is 21.5;
• Suspension front - longitudinal semielliptical springs with hydraulic shock absorbers of reciprocating action;
• Rear suspension (for the middle and last bridge) - longitudinal semielliptical springs with reinforcing doubles and hydraulic shock absorbers of reciprocating action.

Brake system

Pneumatic drive to all wheels, atmospheric air from a high-pressure receiver, pumped by a compressor located in the engine compartment. The pressure was regulated by a valve, periodically bleeding excess air. The brake system was far from perfect, often refused. The car, which lost its brakes on the run, became uncontrollable. For this reason, work was carried out to improve the design of the handbrake. In the last cars, the handbrake consisted of two "shoes" that squeezed the crankshaft flywheel. Thus the drive of a manual brake was mechanical and included traction from the lever to the right of the driver. It was called such a handheld emergency. The brakes on all six wheels were drum-type, with adjustable pads.

Production technologies

On the car MAZ-200 for the first time in the Soviet Union were used synchronizers gearbox, providing smooth switching speeds. On the instrument panel appeared a tachometer, which at that time was a rarity.

Originally MAZ-200, the engine of which was copied from the American analog, was produced under a partial license. Then the domestic YaAZ-204 engine was developed and the car became a completely independent production unit, having established itself in its name - MAZ-200. The model passed a series of tests, according to the results of which it was decided to create an army modification. There was a lot of work on re-equipment.

During the military development of the MAZ-200, whose engine was forced to 120 liters. With., Received high sides, longitudinal folding benches for the transport of personnel, removable arches for the tent and winch. Traction characteristics of the winch mechanism allowed to pull vehicles up to 10 tons.

The civil car MAZ-200 also continued to develop, first of all the cabin was modernized. At the first stage of production, the cabin was assembled on a wooden frame, followed by plating with metal sheets. It was quite a complicated technological process, taking a lot of time. The situation improved somewhat when stamping techniques appeared. Separate parts of the cabin were made on a mold and then connected by a contact-welding method.

Truck tractor

To haul cargo semitrailers, a MAZ-200V car was created. The machine was equipped with a diesel engine with a capacity of 135 liters. With., It was enough for movement with the trailer on roads with an equal covering with a speed of 45 km / hour.

Use cases

The most common car produced on the basis of the MAZ-200 was the MAZ-205 dumper. Further application of the base chassis was quite diverse: tankers, the MAZ-200-TZ refueling truck, milk trucks (AC-525), watering-washing machines (PM9), cranes (K-51, K) were created under the general designation "MAZ-200D". -52, K-53), container ships (APK-6). Special demand for business executives was used by the MAZ-200 firefighter. It was a universal car with several functions. Created on the basis of MAZ-200 (photo is presented on the page), with fire water cannons and retractable ladders 32 meters in length, the fire engine has become an effective means of extinguishing fires. Sometimes the car was used in construction.

The MAZ-200 chassis was also equipped with CHAR-1-200 refrigerating units, which were manufactured by the refrigeration plant in Cherkessk. In small series, the MAZ-501 all-wheel drive was made. The MAZ-200 truck was an inexhaustible source of new modifications.

Improvements

In the course of production, the MAZ-200 was repeatedly upgraded. The direction indicators were combined with the front lights, the windshields were made monolithic, they no longer opened, as before. A new parking brake of the belt structure was developed and installed. Powerful rechargeable batteries type 6-STM-128 were placed under passenger seats. The regular generator was replaced by a new G-25B, the old starter was abolished, replacing it with a more powerful, high-speed ST-26. Standard electrical equipment in 12 volts was converted to a 24-volt format.

New car engine

In 1962, the car was equipped with a new four-stroke six-cylinder engine YMZ-236 increased economy. The engine power was 165 hp, it became widely used in the production of the MAZ-500 family of various modifications. Cars produced in 1962 with a new engine changed the name: the basic on-board model was called the MAZ-200P, the tractor truck was manufactured under the name MAZ-200M. Another tractor of that time under the name of MAZ-200R was equipped with a special hydraulic system for overturning the body of the semi-trailer MAZ-5232V.

The car was modified to meet the needs of the national economy of the USSR, MAZs worked in each economic sector of the country, and if necessary, a new machine was created that corresponded to the newly designated tasks. The development of industry required all new cars.