Artistic detail: definition, classification, functions, role of means

Each of us in the childhood collected a mosaic consisting of several tens, and maybe hundreds of puzzles. Like the game design, the literary image is composed of many interconnected details. And only the sharp sight of the reader is able to notice these microstructures. Before delving into literary criticism, one must understand what an artistic detail is.

Definition

Few thought about the fact that literature is the art of the real word. Hence the close connection between linguistics and literary criticism. When a person reads or listens to a poem, he presents the picture. It becomes reliable only when he hears certain subtleties through which he can present the information he receives.

And we turn to the question: what is an artistic detail? This is an important and significant tool for constructing images; This is a detail that carries a huge ideological, emotional and semantic load.

Virtuoso, these elements were not used by all writers. In their work, they were actively used by Nikolai Gogol, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and other artists of the word.

Classification of parts

What artistic details do you know? Difficult to answer? Then carefully study the issue further. There are several classifications of this element.

We will consider the variant proposed by the native literary critic and philologist - Esin Andrey Borisovich. In his book "Literary Work" he defined a successful typology, in which he distinguished three large groups of detail:

• Psychological;
• Descriptive;
• Plot.

But literary scholars distinguish several more types:

• Landscape;
• Verbal;
• Portrait.

For example, Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" was dominated by plot details, in "Dead Souls" - descriptive. While Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment emphasizes the psychological factor. However, it is worth remembering that these types of parts can be combined in the same work of art.

Artistic function functions

Literary critics distinguish several functions of this tool:

1. Exclusive. It is necessary in order to highlight an event, an image or a phenomenon from the like.

2. Psychological. In this case, the detail, as a means of psychological portrait, helps to reveal the inner world of the character.

3. Factographic. The instrument characterizes the fact from the world of reality of heroes.

4. The naturalistic. The item accurately, objectively and accurately transmits the object or some phenomenon.

5. Symbolic. The element is endowed with the role of a symbol, that is, it becomes multi-valued and artistic in a way that has an allegorical meaning based on the similarities of phenomena from life.

The artistic detail and its role in creating the image

In the poem, such expressive details very often perform the function of the reference point of the image, pushing our imagination, prompting us to supplement the lyrical situation.

The artistic image often has one bright individual detail. As a rule, the development of lyrical thought begins with it. Under the given tool other elements of an image, including expression are forced to be adjusted also. It happens that the artistic detail resembles the external stroke of the image, but it carries a surprise, which refreshes the perception of the reader's world.

This tool enters our consciousness and sense of life in such a way that a person no longer thinks of poetic discoveries without him. A lot of details are present in Tyutchev's lyrics. When reading his poems before our eyes, a picture of green fields, flowering and fragrant roses opens ...

Creativity of N. V. Gogol

In the history of Russian literature, there are such writers that nature has given special attention to life and things, in other words, to the surrounding human existence. Among them, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, who managed to anticipate the problem of the reification of man, where he is not the creator of things, but the thoughtless consumer. In his work, Gogol skillfully portrayed an object or thing in detail, which replaces the character's soul without a remnant.

This element performs a mirror function that reflects the character. Thus, we see that the details in Gogol's work are the most important tool for depicting not only the person, but also the world in which the hero lives. They leave little space for the characters themselves, because of what gives the impression that there is no room for life at all. But for his heroes this is not a problem, because the everyday world is for them in the foreground, in contrast to being.

Conclusion

The role of an artistic detail can not be overemphasized, without it it is impossible to create a full-fledged work. A poet, a writer or a composer uses this instrument in his own works in his own way. For example, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, using details, depicts not only images of heroes or St. Petersburg, but also reveals the boundless philosophical and psychological depths of his novels.

Cleverly and skillfully applied such expressive details not only Gogol and Chekhov, but also Goncharov, Turgenev and other writers.

Artists of the word used the detail extensively in their works. After all, its meaning is enormous. Without this tool, it would be unrealistic to clearly and capacitively give an individual characterization of the character. The author's attitude to the hero can also be determined with the help of this tool. But, of course, the depicted world is also created and characterized with the help of detail.