Cognitive activity is ... Developing cognitive activity

The development of mental efficiency, active cognitive activity is one of the most important tasks of educating the younger generation. The reason is very simple - these qualities will be needed by a person throughout his life, and if in childhood the desire for new knowledge and skills does not develop, the consequences will be very deplorable. Cognitive activity is a success in all future endeavors. Here in detail the information on methods of development of this quality in children will be considered.

Definition

From Latin activus - energetic, active. Reinforced and prolonged active state, initiative, enterprising, independent - what kind of parent would not want to see these qualities from his child? Cognitive activity is the main task of education and training. There are many definitions in the literature. First of all, it is the activity of a child who is living a new world around him as an active subject, which shows his individuality, directs energy, will, forces him to work to achieve a positive result.

The most necessary personality trait is cognitive activity. This attitude to action, the constant state of readiness for it, the assimilation of social experience, the accumulation of knowledge, modes of action, skills and abilities, previously acquired by mankind. This is something without which the action will not be successful: the ability to perceive and think. There are many ways to recognize this ability in children.

Manifestation

Cognitive activity is an ability that is difficult to develop and impossible to hide. A simple observation of the child's activity can determine whether he is active and striving for new knowledge. Presence of the cognitive activity of preschool children is shown by the following facts.

• The child is carried away by activity, an object or a story.
• He has a strong desire to perform a variety of tasks, even complex ones, he does not want to stop and finish his actions.
• He manifests independence, choosing the means and methods of action, he achieves the result himself and controls himself, this means that the cognitive activity is on top.
• In communicating with adults, he asks questions that satisfy his cognitive interest.
• Very emotional about what he does.

The level, of course, is very different. The cognitive activity of preschool children is not the same in different children. If the child is creative about himself, knows how to find non-standard solutions, thinks creatively, uses the knowledge gained before - this is a high level.

Characteristics

The activity of cognitive processes is characterized by the following features.

• Activities aimed at cognition, manifested from the time of birth, it develops intensively throughout childhood, accumulating ways of knowing the world, the surrounding child.
• Cognitive activity of junior schoolchildren is manifested in all kinds of activities, not being targeted to a particular sphere.
• Preschoolers learn to compare, experiment, solve their own and other people's problems, ask, think, learning more and more new phenomena and objects.
• Curiosity of the child has a comprehensive scale, he not only knows certain phenomena or objects, but tries to recognize certain devices, goals, causes, ways of using, assigning, and so on.

Thus, it becomes clear that the most important for exploring the world around us is experience.

Facilities

Cognitive activity requires constant growth and perseverance of interests, then experience will accumulate quickly, knowledge will become stable. The ways of transferring knowledge from an adult to a child can be very different, and the means should be as simple as possible, but fascinating. The process of forming a relationship to the world around us is a unity of the emotional and intellectual in the knowledge of reality.

By the end of preschool age the child acquires independence, some self-control and self-control in his activity, knows how to set a goal and reach it by finding a suitable method. Moreover, he can already assess the result himself. He almost ceases to copy the actions of adults, even sometimes he deviates from the demands, shows initiative, strong-willed efforts aimed at achieving the result. I must regulate my own behavior.

Objectives

Development of cognitive activity of children is necessary for all their subsequent life activity. In the process of cognition, the child must be a full-fledged personality for the adult, able to determine their own activity, and be creative in approaching the task, realizing not only the interests and needs, but also the will. Further schooling depends entirely on how well developed these abilities are in kindergarten.

Cognitive activity of schoolchildren is a manifestation of the child in his own activity, independently building relationships with teachers and classmates. At the age of four or five years, the transformative initiative in cognitive activity should fully manifest itself. He is already aware of his own possibilities, which leads to initiative, new desires, creativity.

Preschool period

This not too long time lays the foundation of the manifested personality, in many ways it determines. The family and society surrounding the child should create all conditions for the successful development of cognitive activity. The initial acquaintance with the surrounding reality occurs precisely in preschool childhood, therefore the attitude to cognition needs to be formed carefully but steadily: the cultural and historical experience of previous generations begins to be assimilated from the earliest childhood. The development of the cognitive activity of preschool children from the first days of life is the key to further successful education in school, the institute, in research and production.

Independence

This is the basis on which the rest of life will be built-a palace or a hut, depending on the strength of the basement. Everyone understands this. But, nevertheless, the activity of cognitive activity is steadily and significantly reduced, as testifies the tests of students in schools of children.

Independence in cognition is insufficiently formed, and most importantly, the need for independent research is becoming less and less, children are much more willing to use ready-made formulas, which too are not very interested, without much desire to clarify, expand and deepen knowledge, use independent search, exercise creation.

Analysis and synthesis

Children already in preschool age should have the ability to think through operations, analyze and synthesize acquired knowledge. Teaching methods for this are all kinds of, but you need to choose from those that rely on children to receive the widest possible information field. The formation of cognitive activity occurs approximately like this. Preschool children are shown a picture of the house being built, and they are asked to describe the depicted person, defining his profession.

Here, the most significant links and relationships are analyzed: why in the hand of a builder, for example, a trowel, why such a high crane, why is the house so huge, who generally needs it and why. If children learn to identify internal relationships, understand the essence of the phenomena, make the right conclusions, then, perhaps, they will not have an unpleasant curiosity about the eighth grade of the school that occurred recently in the Moscow school.

"Fascist flew"

Elementary analysis in preschool children is the starting point for a more complex, already entirely causal analysis, which examines the connections and dependencies between the various signs of a particular phenomenon. In the eighth grade, a regular lesson in the culture of speech took place. The teacher presented a reproduction of A. Plastov's painting "The Fascist Flying" and asked to tell what the students saw in the picture. For some reason, the class faded away. When the pause became unbearable, the very first honors pupil raised her hand and said uncertainly: "The boy seems to be a natsik." He probably did not succeed in something, did not stick together, he was upset. He lies in khaki, in his turtles and cries And the dog howls to him, pities him. "

It is clear that modern children are all victims of jargon. Who is a fascist for today's schoolchildren? Nationalist, skinhead. What action now denotes the verb "flying"? I did not calculate, I made a mistake. Why did the cows lie down? So who knows, they where want, walk. No one noticed the plane flying away. And the year the painting was created for children reminded nothing. Although the question of when the Great Patriotic War began, everyone answered. Cognitive activity in the classroom does not always bring the desired results. The students did not tie information pieces together, did not synthesize. Because they did not receive enough knowledge and skills in preschool age, when they were to be taught comparisons in contrast, in similarity, in similarity to elementary subjects.

Questions and answers

At the end of a school lesson or classes in kindergarten, it is appropriate to leave some time for children to ask questions and get answers to them. If such work is done systematically, the curiosity of the class or group only grows.

The intelligent teacher reacts quickly to questions, but it is reasonable: one responds immediately, others endures the topic of the next lesson, and on the third asks to find the answer in those or other books or encyclopedias, and even the contest will arrange - whose answer is better. Independent search for information is absolutely necessary. Of course, everything is necessary in order to not quench curiosity and children's interest in the subject or phenomenon.

Reiteration

For the solidity of mastering knowledge there is an indispensable didactic principle, which brings up feelings - this is a repetition. In any class, this is the leading methodical method with different forms. Repetition can be direct, when you need to check how well the material is mastered - in the formulations that were used when submitting the material. For example, in a kindergarten a picture can be considered again.

Most often, this technique is used at the end of the session to fix the information received. Although the creative attitude to the material is not used here, this kind can become a starting point for transition to more complex tasks. For example, the correlation of past and already learned material with a new or completely unknown, when the assimilated helps to learn the generalization.

School

Since the time spent in the lessons is very limited, it is simply impossible to equip schoolchildren with all the rapidly developing scientific knowledge because of the grandeur of their scale and the pace of development. In order to educate children the most widely received, and their personalities have not lost (or acquired) a desire to go deep into the study of the field of knowledge, very persistent motives are needed, including independent cognitive interest and the pursuit of results.

A special selective orientation of the individual is cognition. The most persistent cognitive activity is formed in the synthesis of rational and emotional in school instruction, starting with the youngest school. The conditions for this formation are very important, every teacher must strictly abide by them.

Development and strengthening of independent knowledge

The teacher must rely on the activity of the mental activity of the students. Each situation in the solution of cognitive tasks is based on independent search, guesses, reflections with mental tension, clashes of various positions, where it is necessary to take a decision and determine your own point of view.

It is very important to respect the optimal level of development of students, to load sensibly, and to create and maintain a favorable emotional atmosphere throughout the cognitive activity of the class. Communication with classmates and with the teacher on a kind and active wave has always been a strong motive for strengthening interest in knowledge. Combine the class of joint creative assignments, all sorts of didactic games, and especially assignments that are problematic. Integrated lessons are very helpful here .