Cognitive activity is the road to Knowledge

From the point of view of philosophy, cognitive activity is the most important worldview problem. The attitude to the question of how much we know the world determines the orientation of a person in society and the surrounding space, his activities. It is knowledge that determines the function of man in the world, and knowledge is the highest level of information about the world that a person can receive with the help of his consciousness. Cognitive activity (PD), which is a unity of sensory perception, practical activity and thinking allows you to gain knowledge.

PD is carried out continuously: in our communication, work, experiments, artistic and aesthetic activity, solving various problems. Such knowledge is characteristic of all living organisms. Person is peculiar, besides cognitive, educational and cognitive activity. In the process of educational PD knowledge acquires clear goals, forms, tasks.

There are different types of PD. Modern science distinguishes:

• Everyday and practical;
• scientific;
• Mythical-religious;
• art;
• philosophical.

Usually practical cognitive activity proceeds in an active and passive mode, it is spontaneous, occurs continuously. We learn the experience of others, learn new things, understand the world through touch, smell, other senses. The environment, everyday life, the simplest knowledge - this is the content of ordinary knowledge. The practical is somewhat more complicated: these are our beliefs, ideals, people's signs, information about the connections that exist in the world. We know that if you put your hand in boiling water, there will be a burn. Usually practical cognitive activity generalizes personal, sociocultural experience, folk wisdom. Through the ordinary-practical, we learn the language, learn about spiritual values, follow the generally accepted customs.

Scientific cognitive activity (activity) also arises from experience, practical or spontaneously empirical knowledge of the surrounding world. But unlike knowledge of the spontaneous, science does not wait until the knowledge obtained through experience will appear. She goes further. Building theoretical models of phenomena, devices, processes, applying ideal abstract objects. Correctness of scientific assumptions is verified by experiment. To judge how much the model corresponds to reality, it is possible only after comparing the results of the experiment and logical reasoning.

Scientific cognitive activity differs in the focus on the study of all new phenomena and processes, objectivity, integrity. It represents the unity of objectively true and logically interrelated views, judgments, theories, positions, laws.

Mythical-religious knowledge (some scholars consider them as separate types of cognitive activity) is, rather, not cognition in its pure form, but thinking with the help of dogmas, belief in the supernatural, in God. Therefore, religious cognitive activity is the comprehension of God. Adherents of religion believe that the world is an arena of two opposing forces. They are called differently in different religions, but they have one thing: Good and Evil. Supernatural can provide help, protection, and can punish for sins.

Mythological and religious knowledge created a different picture of the world, which left a bright imprint not only on the worldview of believers, but also on culture in general.

Mythological PD is inherent in societies at the lowest stage of development.

Philosophical knowledge of reality is the desire to comprehend the world in a holistic way, to find and understand its fundamental foundations, to determine the place of man in the world.

Artistic PD - imaginative comprehension of reality.

All kinds of cognitive activity are interrelated and are derived from ordinary practical cognition.