Chronic urticaria: etiology, simmatology

Chronic urticaria is a disease characterized by the development of allergic reactions in the body. Contact with the allergen leads to inflammation of the skin, including nerves and vessels localized in the dermis. In the process of development of inflammatory reactions on the skin appear blisters of red color. All this causes considerable discomfort to the patient. Chronic urticaria has a pronounced effect on the quality of life of patients. This pathology disrupts the daily activity of a person, worsens sleep. As a rule, chronic recurrent urticaria develops on the background of sensitization, which is caused by the spread of infection (cholecystitis, tonsillitis, adnexitis and other infectious diseases), leading to dysfunction of the digestive canal, lymphatic system, liver. During the attack, patients often complain of severe headache, hyperthermia, weakness, with swelling of the mucous membrane of the digestive canal, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea. An excruciating itch is often accompanied by neurotic disorders and insomnia.

Chronic urticaria: pathogenesis

Most scientists are of the opinion that the clinic of chronic urticaria is primarily associated with the activation of mast cells of the skin. Under certain conditions, these cells begin to synthesize a huge number of neurotransmitters (histamine, serotonin, etc.). To date, the role of mediators of endothelial and mast cells in increasing the permeability of the vessel walls has been proven. It has been established that degranulation of mast cells is not associated with activation of high-affinity receptors.

Chronic urticaria: symptomatology

The main clinical sign of the presented disease are erythematous itching blisters that rise above the surface of the skin. The size of the blisters varies from a few millimeters to three to five centimeters, they constantly change their location, often recur.

These persistent clinical signs do not pose a threat to human life, but sometimes lead to disability, significantly impair quality of life, cause considerable discomfort. The patients develop insomnia, daily activity decreases. Patients tend to be isolated from society, which is associated with cosmetic defects.

Chronic urticaria: treatment

Therapeutic methods of treatment of chronic urticaria are aimed at identifying, as well as eliminating all the allergenic factors. It is worth noting that in most cases it is not possible to find the allergen, which causes the development of this pathology. Treatment of chronic urticaria requires careful examination of the patient, and without consulting a dermatologist, treatment of this pathology is impossible. In the course of treatment, the patient is usually prescribed antihistamines ("Chloropyramine", "Mebrogrolin", "Clemastin", "Diphenhydramine", "Cyproheptadine"), anti-inflammatory, antioxidant drugs, in severe cases, hormones (corticosteroids, glucocorticoids) are used.