ComputersNetworks

"Bus" - network topology: advantages, disadvantages

Having come to various companies, you can pay attention to the fact that the network there is arranged differently - somewhere used "star", somewhere - "ring", and somewhere - "tire." The network topology has a significant impact on the quality and speed of data exchange between computers, but many people often do not know the main advantages and disadvantages of each individual variant.

What it is?

Despite the fact that this option is the most widespread today, the term "topology" does not provide only the "bus" technology. The network topology is simply a combination of several computers on the network, so it can be called an analogous version of such concepts as configuration, or network structure. In addition, the concept of "topology" also includes a large number of rules that determine the location of computers, the technology of cable laying and placement of binding equipment, as well as many other things.

What can it be?

To date, there have been three main versions of such a combination of computers - the "star", "ring" and "tire." The topology in each separate case is different from the others, and also has its own features and advantages. That's why it is important to know these subtleties before you conduct a network between computers on a particular object.

"Tire"

With the "bus" technology, the topology provides for the use of a single cable, by means of which all the workstations that are used are united among themselves.

Thus, a single cable is used by each station in turn, and all messages that are sent by these stations can be received and listened by any computer that is in the network. From this stream, all workstations select only those messages that were originally addressed to them.

What are the advantages?

The advantages of the bus topology are:

  • The setting is extremely simple for any advanced user.
  • The system is fairly simple to install and at the same time it minimizes financial costs if all workstations are located a short distance from each other.
  • If a particular station in the network breaks down or starts crashing, all the others continue to work in the same mode without any problems.

What are the disadvantages?

There are also disadvantages of the topology "bus":

  • If a problem occurs in some place, the whole network immediately fails.
  • It is quite difficult to find any malfunctions in case of their occurrence.
  • Quite a low performance compared to other technologies. This is due to the fact that the topology of the "bus" network provides for simultaneous data transfer from only one computer, and if the number of workstations increases, the performance of the network used decreases in parallel.
  • Unimportant scalability. To add new workstations, you need to completely replace the areas of the already used "bus".

This technology was used to connect computers to the local network using a coaxial cable. In this case, the "bus" role was used to cut off the coaxial cable, combined between the failure using T-connectors. The "bus" is laid completely through the entire room, after which it is connected to each individual computer, and the side pin of the connector is inserted into the connector installed on the network card.

Due to the fact that such equipment is already hopelessly outdated, and the topology of the "star" network has become more widespread, the "bus" is practically not used, but it can still be found at various enterprises.

"Ring"

"Ring" is a topology of the local network, in accordance with which the various workstations all join together sequentially, forming a completely closed circle. In such a network, data is broadcast from one workstation to another in a single direction, with each individual computer acting as a repeater, relaying the message to the next, thus forming a kind of relay race. Such a system already has little in common with what the topology "common bus" is, in connection with which it has a lot of its features and advantages.

What are the advantages?

  • Computers are simply integrated into a network.
  • Practically there is no need to use additional equipment.
  • It is possible to achieve stable operation without any noticeable drop in the data transfer speed with a serious network load.
  • Any workstation should be actively used in the data transfer procedure, and if at least one computer breaks down, or the cable breaks at a certain place, the entire system will completely cease to function.
  • If a new workstation is connected, the network must be switched off for a certain period of time, since it is required to open the ring during the installation of new equipment.
  • The system is quite complex configuration and settings.
  • In the event of a malfunction, even specialists are difficult to find out what the problem is.

What are the disadvantages?

In connection with these disadvantages today, it is not so often possible to meet the use of a ring topology, and most often it occurs in Token Ring fiber optic networks.

"Star"

If each workstation is connected directly to a central device, which can be a router or a switch, then this is the star topology. "Bus" has been replaced over time with this technology, as it is characterized by higher performance and efficiency. This technology provides for the management of all packets traffic in the network directly by the central device, and each computer through its own network card connects to this switch completely separate cable.

If necessary, it is possible to combine several networks simultaneously using a described topology, resulting in a network configuration having a tree topology. The tree topology is distributed in large organizations, but it has a number of its features and subtleties of implementation.

The topology "star" is used today as a basis for building almost all local networks, and, in particular, it is the result of a number of advantages of this technology of combining computers.

What are the advantages?

  • If a particular station breaks down (or its cable is damaged), this does not affect the work of the whole network, that is, all the rest of the equipment continues to work stably.
  • Perfect scalability. In order to connect a new workstation, you just need to lay a separate cable from the switch.
  • It's quite easy to find, and after that to fix malfunctions or any breakages in the network.
  • Extremely high performance, especially when compared with similar topology options.
  • Perfect simplicity of setting up and administering all equipment.
  • You can easily add additional devices to the network.
  • If the central switch breaks, the entire network stops working.
  • To use network equipment, you also need to allocate additional costs, since you need to purchase a separate device, to which all computers connected to the network will be connected.
  • The number of workstations is limited by the number of ports in the central switch used.

What are the disadvantages?

To date, the "star" is the most common technology for modern wired or wireless networks. As an example of a star topology, it is possible to imagine a network using a twisted pair cable, as well as a switch that is a central device. It is these networks that can often be found today in the majority of companies.

Topology and its significance

The network topology allows to determine not only the physical location of computers, but, more importantly, provides the nature of the connection between them, as well as various features of signal propagation through the network. It is the nature of the connection that can determine how fault-tolerant the network is, and also learn the required complexity of the network equipment and the most current method of managing exchange and many other parameters. If the literature considers the topology of local networks "bus" or other technologies, then there can be four totally different concepts that apply to different types of network architecture :

  • Physical - the layout of computers, as well as laying cables connecting them. In this vein, the passive "star" does not differ from the active one, and in this connection the technology is most often simply called a "star".
  • Logical - the structure of links, as well as how the signals are propagated through the network. This definition of topology, perhaps, can be called the most correct one.
  • Exchange management - the principle, as well as the sequence of transferring the right to the termination of network communication between certain computers.
  • Information - the direction of information flows that are transmitted through the network.

For example, a network that has a physical and logical topology of the bus format can use the relay technology to transfer the network capture rights as a control, and also provide simultaneous transmission of all data through a specific dedicated computer. And in this content is a technology "star".

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