Ancillary equipment: types, operation, accounting

Without special equipment you can not build a house, build a road, build a bridge. All the devices used by man to facilitate the work of the device are divided into two large groups. First, it is simple in design inexpensive tools, and secondly - the equipment itself, which can be the main and auxiliary. The latter type of devices is used almost as widely as the first. In this article, in all details, we will understand exactly what auxiliary equipment is.

Possible applications

This type of equipment can be used when carrying out both construction and various kinds of installation work. Sometimes it is used during repairs, along with the main one. It can be any kind of construction, machine or installation. This term is often used also for additional nodes of various kinds of complex mechanisms.

Simple examples

The kinds of auxiliary equipment actually exist just a huge amount. For example, this class of devices can include diesel generating sets, without which construction machines that use electricity can not work in a remote area. It is an auxiliary equipment and a compressor used in combination with a jackhammer. Another example of such a device is a dust collector used for grinding a stone. Next, consider the types and examples of similar tools used in a variety of areas of management and life.

Auxiliary equipment for the construction of houses

In this case, a variety of devices can be used. When building houses are used, for example:

1. Cars . Such equipment can have two wheels or one. The very bowl of a modern building wheelbarrow is usually made of thick galvanized sheet metal. This type of ancillary equipment is used to move mostly different kinds of loose building materials or earth.

2. Tub for concrete. This kind of additional equipment can have different shapes and sizes. The most common are trough-shaped bucket species and cone-shaped on stands.

House Equipment

Of course, it is possible to live comfortably in any building only if there are such communications in it as water supply, sewage and electricity. In the first case, you can use, for example, such ancillary equipment as:

1. Filters. This kind of additional equipment, in turn, can have a different design. There are filters mesh, magnetic, reverse osmosis, etc. In any case, such ancillary equipment is designed to purify water from various kinds of impurities.

2. Compensators . This type of equipment is used to equalize the temperature changes along the length of the pipeline.

In the electricity network, additional equipment can be used, such as:

1. Surge Protectors. This type of devices is used to compensate for power surges in the household network. Most often, stabilizers are installed in suburban homes or in apartments of high-rise buildings in case of deterioration of the line.

2. Uninterruptible power supplies . Such devices are most often used in those houses in which there is a lot of office equipment. If there is a power failure, for example, the computer may be operating from the UPS for some time. After all, a sharp disconnection of electronics, as is known, is very harmful.

Quite often in everyday life, various kinds of portable electric receivers are also used. Auxiliary equipment for them can be used, for example, such as pipe cutters (for welding machines), noise suppressors (for pumps), etc.

When installing sewer systems, the following can be used:

1. Devices intended for disinfection and neutralization of sewage.

2. Machines designed for cleaning storm sewage pipes, etc.

Repair of auxiliary equipment in case of its breakdown, as well as the main elements and nodes of communication networks, should be performed on time. After all, depending on how effectively such devices work, it depends not only on the convenience of living in the house, but also on the safety of all kinds of household appliances, structural elements of the building, and so on.

Kinds of the additional equipment of boiler-houses

There are many kinds of devices and tools that increase the efficiency of water, electricity and sewage systems. But even more such devices can be used in water heating systems of private houses and enterprises. The auxiliary equipment of the boiler is classified into the following varieties:

• Pumps;

• Traction mechanisms;

• Ash removal and fuel supply systems;

• Chimneys and flues;

• Ash traps;

• All sorts of measuring instruments;

• Devices for water treatment.

What pumping equipment can be used

Boilers in homes and enterprises are used to heat water. The latter can be fed into these devices by means of piston or centrifugal pumps. In forced-type heating systems, at least two such network units are usually used. One of the pumps is considered to be a reserve auxiliary equipment of the boiler house.

What are blowing mechanisms

In order for the boiler to run smoothly, into the furnace, to burning coal, briquettes or wood, you need to continuously supply air. Also, blowing devices are used to ensure a constant speed of movement in the gas outlets and flues of emissions from the heating unit.

Fuel supply systems

Most often, such auxiliary technological equipment is used in solid fuel boilers. Fuel supply systems ensure the uninterrupted operation of these units. Such equipment can be classified into auger and hydraulic.

Pipes and flues

When burning wood or coal in solid fuel boilers or diesel fuel in liquid form fumes. For their diversion pipes are used. When installing chimneys must comply with certain standards. Operation of ancillary equipment of this type allows to maintain health, and sometimes the life of employees of the enterprise or people living in the house. Flue gas ducts are used to divert the products of combustion of blue fuel in gas boilers.

Ash traps

Not only the gaseous products of combustion of fuel can be discharged into the atmosphere through the chimneys. Often a large amount of ash leaves the pipes through the pipes, which leads to environmental pollution. In order for this not to happen and using such ancillary equipment as ash traps.

Measuring instruments of boiler houses

This type of auxiliary technical equipment is designed to control and regulate the water temperature in the heating systems, its pressure and level. The main purpose of using measuring instruments in boiler houses is to ensure the safe operation of heat generators and heat power units.

What is a water treatment device?

Equipment of this type includes filters of various kinds, deironing agents, softeners. Using a coolant with a large content of various impurities significantly reduces the service life of the boiler and other elements of the system design. The water treatment units designed for its purification often have a very complex structure. Installation, exactly, as well as repair of auxiliary equipment of this type, in most cases is carried out only by specialists.

Additional equipment for chemical production: basic types

Of course, various additional devices can be used in industrial enterprises. Next, for an example, let's examine what auxiliary equipment can be used in chemical plants. At the enterprises of such specialization, the following are often used:

• Capacitive equipment;

• Heat exchangers;

• Filters;

• Crushers.

Types of capacitive equipment

This group of auxiliary equipment for chemical production includes:

• Various kinds of vertical, spherical and horizontal containers;

• Separators of low and high pressure;

• Cylindrical and spherical tanks;

• Measuring points, etc.

In turn, capacitive equipment can accommodate, for example, gauges, thermocouples, sight glasses, breathing valves, etc.

Types of heat exchangers

Ancillary equipment of this type is classified into:

• Heaters;

• Refrigerators;

• Evaporators;

• Capacitors.

By design and principle of operation, heat exchangers are also divided into recuperators and regenerators. The first type of equipment is characterized in that in it two streams of coolant alternately pass through the same space. In regenerators, selection and accumulation of heat from one stream takes place and transfer to another.

Varieties and the principle of the action of filters

This type of auxiliary equipment is designed to separate heterogeneous systems using porous baffles. As the latter, fabrics, polymer or wire mesh, ceramic plates, etc. can be used. In chemical plants, filters can be used as auxiliary devices:

• Frame type (with periodic action);

• Chamber filter presses;

• Vacuum-continuous filters.

What are centrifuges and crushers ?

Equipment of this type, like filters, is used for mechanical separation of inhomogeneous media. However, such devices operate in a different way. In this case, the separation occurs due to the action of centrifugal forces. In chemical plants, two types of centrifuges can be used: filtering and precipitation.

Crushers are designed for such enterprises for grinding pieces of solid materials, uncovering grains of clean inclusions or increasing the surface of particles.

Accessories: tests

Despite the fact that such devices are used mainly as additional ones, the smooth operation of the entire system or the effective operation of the workshop often depends on their smooth functioning. Therefore, when manufacturing such equipment at the final stage, in many cases, its tests are carried out. In this case, specialists who perform such a procedure are usually guided by the GOST standards.

Engine support and diagnostics

The auxiliary equipment can be used not only in construction, in boiler houses, in houses or in enterprises. Similar devices are often used in the operation of various kinds of complex mechanisms, for example, engines. It can be:

• All sorts of supporting devices;

• Test stands of various systems;

• Scanners;

• Equipment designed to detect leaks, etc.

Also in the engines can be used all kinds of hinged auxiliary equipment: power steering, air conditioning. Such additions, among other things, take away from the engine "horsepower". Of course, the advantage of using them is too difficult to overestimate.

Various kinds of additional engine accessories are often activated by means of a belt. Ancillary equipment usually works most efficiently if the latter provides a hard transfer. Installation of the hinged belt can be carried out by means of hydraulic or mechanical systems.

What equipment is used in additional plants

Auxiliary can be not only proper tools and devices. Often, this function is performed by whole enterprises. For auxiliary ones, one can include, for example, such manufactures as:

• Tare workshops;

• Production of non-metallic materials (sand, gravel);

• Factories specializing in the production of various kinds of tools.

Enterprises of this type also use all sorts of complex and simple auxiliary and basic equipment. For example, in container workshops, tools such as automated and mechanized lines, dryers, molding devices are used. Sand and gravel mining enterprises use crushers, bulldozers, excavators, loaders, etc.

Accounting for auxiliary production and equipment

Any such shops play an important organizational and technical role. Their costs exert a strong influence on the prime cost of the enterprise's main products. To determine the possible profit of the company and all sorts of necessary costs, therefore, must necessarily be accounted for auxiliary production. The analysis of such structures of the enterprise is conducted by such criteria:

• A kind of made production;
• expenses;
• Cost structure;
• Degree of loss ratio or level of profitability.

On the basis of the received data, among other things, ways of reducing the costs of similar productions are determined without degrading the quality of the end product of the enterprise. All the costs of such shops are divided into simple and indirect. To account for them, a special active calculation account is allocated. The debit thus reflects the incurred costs, and on the loan - the output of services or products.

Accounting for auxiliary equipment used in enterprises or in boiler houses is conducted on the same principle as the main one. It is accepted for balance at the initial redemption value.

Features of auxiliary equipment operation

The construction of a device of this type can be complex and simple. In any case, their operation must be carried out with strict observance of the instructions provided by the manufacturer and various GOST standards. For example, when using fuel delivery systems, the following conditions should be observed:

• Peat is necessarily preliminarily conducted through crushers, and its final fraction should not exceed 50х50х5 mm;
• The angle of inclination of the hopper when using peat as a fuel should not be less than 60 degrees;
• At all stages (fuel supply, loading), fire safety rules must be observed.

In the event of a breakdown of ancillary equipment, as well as the main one, it must be timely repaired. To carry out such work at enterprises and in boiler rooms are entrusted only to specialists who have received appropriate training and have the necessary skills.