Academic degrees and titles

In the scientific sphere and higher educational institutions there is a qualification system that allows to establish the scientific hierarchy of scientific and pedagogical personnel - academic degrees and titles. In our country, the award of academic degrees and titles of associate professor and professor is somewhat different from other countries. As a rule, the academic title "assistant professor" is conferred on candidates of science, and "professor" is awarded to doctors of science, although there are exceptions. In other countries, degrees differ significantly in terms of qualification, title, award and approval procedures.

In England, the United States and parts of Europe there are uniform requirements, and in each scientific branch there are three degrees: Bachelor, Master, Ph.D.

At the moment, there is a mixed system in the Russian Federation - in a number of educational institutions a new system is already in place, with a bachelor's degree (four years of study), a master's degree (6 years of study), and part of the universities retaining the old system that produces graduates from five-, five- With a half or six-year training. And instead of the unified highest degree of Doctor of Science (philosophy and others), the system, inherited from the Soviet Union, is applied where there are two academic degrees - Candidate and Doctor of Science, which are awarded by the corresponding dissertational councils and are submitted for approval to the Higher Attestation Commission.

Dissertational councils are created at universities, research institutes or any other scientific organizations. Defense of the prepared candidate or doctoral thesis is, as a rule, open at a meeting of the dissertational council. Now, in order to defend a thesis for a Ph.D., you must necessarily have a Ph.D. Otherwise, persons who do not have this degree, under the new legislation, have no right to defend the thesis for a higher degree.

At the same time, the closeness of the branches of science and / or specialties obtained consistently earlier - higher education, and scientific degrees is practically not regulated, except for individual cases stipulated in the legislation. For example, in practice, it is quite acceptable to obtain a higher degree in the specialty and / or branch that is not close to the available: for example, the candidate of sociological sciences, psychologists, mathematicians, economists, doctors of psychological sciences candidates, for example, philosophical, physico-mathematical or sociological Sciences and so on.

Academic degrees were introduced in the Soviet Union in 1934, which was in fact the restoration of earlier scientific degrees in Russia. The greatest number of candidates and doctors of science is in the medical, physical and mathematical and technical sciences.

In order to obtain academic degrees, you must first write and defend a dissertation, and this is a fairly voluminous scientific work, which can contain from 150 to 500 pages of scientific text. Is it possible to not write a thesis on many sheets, but on quite legitimate grounds successfully defended? It is possible, although it will not be quite easy. Thesis for a Doctor of Science degree can be executed in the form of a scientific report, in which a summary of the research results should be presented. Such a report should be supported by a large number of previously published scientific papers, which are of great importance for science. In addition, the applicant must be well known to the scientific community for his research and discoveries in his field of activity.

Thus, we considered what constitutes a scientific degree, academic title.