Pulse transformer: principle of operation and functional features

The transformer is a rather complex technical device, the main function of which is the conversion of certain properties and qualities of electrical energy, such as voltage or torque. Also, a modern transformer is capable of converting AC to DC and vice versa.

Among the vast variety of instruments currently used, it is especially worth mentioning their impulse varieties.

Pulse transformer is widely used in communication systems, VT, automation devices, for making changes in the amplitude of pulses, as well as their polarity. The main condition for the successful operation of this type of device is that the distortion of the signal that is transmitted with it must be minimal.

A pulsed transformer is based on the following principle: while its input receives rectangular pulses of a certain voltage, an electric current gradually appears in the primary winding , the power of which gradually begins to increase. This, in turn, entails a change in the magnetic field and the appearance of an electromotive force in the secondary winding. In this case, there is practically no signal distortion, and the possible current losses are so small that they can be neglected.

As for the negative part of the pulse, the emergence of which is inevitable while the pulse transformer reaches its design capacity, its effect can be minimized by installing a simple diode in the secondary winding. Here, too, the impulse will become as close to a rectangular one as possible.

Pulse transformer differs from other varieties of this technical system in that it works exclusively in unsaturated mode. Its magnetic core is made of a special alloy, which necessarily has a significant throughput of the magnetic field.

In addition to impulse, in the modern energy and electronics industry, the following types of transformers are used:

1. The operation of a single modern radio is impossible without power transformers. Their activities are multifaceted: on the one hand, they are necessary for the receivers to be powered from a conventional AC network, and on the other, in order to increase or decrease the voltage of a particular frequency in the amplifiers. An important constructive feature of power transformers is connected with this function - instead of steel cores, inserts of magnetite or carbonyl iron are used here.
2. Another type of device, used primarily in modern tracking systems and aircraft airborne computers , is a rotating transformer. Its principle of operation is that the angle of rotation of the frame is converted into an electric current voltage. Externally, the rotating transformer is a small electric machine that operates exclusively from alternating current. In addition, depending on where these transformers are applied, they can be either bipolar or multi-pole.
3. Depending on what current goes to the primary winding, transformers of alternating and direct current are selected. The main type of the first type is an autotransformer, which consists exclusively of one coil, which is directly connected to the electrical circuit. This type of instrument is intended solely for lowering the voltage and only for very small currents. The DC transformer is a more complex device, consisting of a dynamo and an engine. In this case, the primary current is generated by the motor, and the secondary one by the dynamo, which is driven by the same electric motor. Often there is a situation where a DC transformer is an engine and a dynamo, connected together by a single metal frame. This is done to save material, as well as to improve the quality of the device.