A pronoun is part of a speech that ... Russian pronouns

Each element of the language performs its own special functions, so it would be extremely inconvenient to dispense with one or other words, and sometimes it is simply impossible. For example, a pronoun is part of a speech that is claimed in almost every sentence. This is an absolutely irreplaceable element of the Russian language, with which a certain number of rules are associated. In addition, there are several ways to classify pronouns, which are also worth knowing. Understand all this is not so difficult.

What is a pronoun?

First of all, you must learn the exact term. A pronoun is a part of speech that replaces nouns, adverbs, numerals and adjectives, allowing you to point to these words without naming them specifically. When parsing, digits are allocated by value and by grammatical features, a person, as well as non-permanent features, including case, gender and number. As a rule, in the sentence the pronoun performs the same role as the parts of speech that it replaces. Its use makes it possible to avoid repetition and reduce sentences, which is especially convenient in oral speech. When both of the interlocutors know what the conversation is about, they do not need to permanently refer to its subject matter completely, it is enough to make use of the pronoun.

Classification by value and attributes

Russian pronouns can be divided into two types of categories. The first is the classification by value, and the second by grammatical features. And in some cases there are additional groups, but when a pronoun is studied in the school, grade 6 does not approach the topic so deeply. Therefore, many such additions are not known. So, by the meaning of the pronoun can be both personal and recurrent, as well as possessive, relative, interrogative, indicative, determinative, negative and indefinite. In the expanded version, mutual and generic ones are also added. By grammatical features, they can be called generalized-objective, generalized-quantitative and generalized-qualitative. This classification treats how part of speech is related to others: nouns, numerals, adjectives, adverbs. Each group should be considered in detail.

Personal pronouns

This part of speech refers to a particular object, person or thing in question. The personal pronoun answers the questions "who?" And "what?" It can be the first person - "I" or "we", the second - "you" and "you", and the third, when there is an indication of those who do not participate In a conversation - "he", "she", "it" and "they". Previously, in Russian, there was also a pronoun "on", which was used for female objects in the plural. In the sentence, this part of speech serves as a complement or subject. Pronouns by persons, numbers, by birth and case are changed.

Reflexive pronouns

In the language they demonstrate that the action is directed at the subject. The reflexive pronoun is part of a speech that has no form in the nominative, but is inclined to the rest. In addition, it does not vary in numbers, persons and births. In the sentence, this pronoun plays the role of a complement. Returning verbs formed from the historical forms of ordinary infinitives and the word "Xia," which is an obsolete version of "myself," for example, "sitting down" essentially means "planting yourself." Such expressions also mean action directed at the speaker.

Possessive pronouns

Such words indicate that some object belongs to some subject. The possessive pronouns can have different numbers, gender, face and case. In some forms they do not decline. The possessive pronoun can be in three persons. The first is "my", "mine", "mine", "our", "our", "our", "ours". The second - "yours", "yours", "yours", "yours", "yours", "yours", "yours", "yours". Finally, the third is "his", "her" or "them." Pay attention that in this person pronouns do not bow.

Interrogative pronouns

In the speech indicate the person, objects, number or signs. Used in interrogative sentences. Such pronouns include "who?", "What?", "What?", "What?", "Whose?", "Which?", "How much?", "Where?", "When?", Where? "," Where? "," Why? ". Some of them vary in numbers, cases and births. This applies, for example, to the pronoun "what?". Others remain unchanged and have no form. So, the pronoun "where?" Never changes by case or number.

Relative Pronouns

This form appears as a union word in a compound sentence, it serves as a link for subordinate and principal parts in similar constructions. The relative are the pronouns "who", "what", "what", "whose", "which", "how much", "where", "where", "when", "where", "why". As in the case of interrogative, not all of them change by case.

The pronouns "who", "what" and "how much" are inclined, but "where", "where", "when", "where", "why" always remain unchanged. The sentences can be played by different syntactic roles.

The demonstrative pronouns

These include those by which the attribute or property of an object is described. The demonstrative pronoun is a part of speech that changes in case, gender and number. This includes "so much," "this," "that," "such," "such," "here," "here," "here," "there," "from there," "from here," "then, "Therefore", "then". In addition, there are also outdated options. These are such words as "this" and "this".

Definitive pronouns

The sign of the object of speech is their theme. The pronoun points to it, leans over cases, changes by numbers and genera. To qualitative words one can include such words as "all", "everyone", "self", "all", "everyone", "most", "another", "any", "all", "different", "everywhere" , "Everywhere", "always". Some of them are easily confused with adjectives, and others - with adverbs. That is why this classification should never be forgotten.

Negative pronouns

Their significance is due to the absence of the object of discussion or its features. Negative forms include "no one", "nothing", "no one", "nothing", "no", "nobody", "nowhere" and the like. The simplest analysis of the pronoun allows you to notice that they are a combination of interrogative or relative with prefixes of not -or- neither . The first is used in the shock position, and the second - in cases without stress.

Indefinite pronouns

They are called upon to express in speech uncertainty of the signs, the number or the very essence of some objects. They are formed from an interrogative or relative variant using prefixes not -or- something . For example, "something", "somebody", "somebody", "some", "a few", "something", "somehow". Postfixes are also used - either - or , somehow , forming "somebody", "some" and the like pronouns. They have gender and number, they tend by cases.

Mutual pronouns

This group is not used in each classification. The usual school lesson "Pronoun as part of speech" may well not mention it. Nevertheless, they are, and are used to express the relationship to two or more objects. In Russian, there are a lot of such pronouns, each has a variety of forms. For example, mutual can be called "to each other", "to each other", "friend to friend", "one to another", "from end to beginning", "time after time", "one by one" and the like. In the proposals they are used as additions.

Generalizing pronouns

Finally, the last group, separated by value. An articulate pronoun is part of a speech that serves to indicate objects that have a common feature that does not express their quality. For example, you can use them to combine objects into pairs - using the word "both" or a combination of "both". One can emphasize identity with the words "the same" and the plurality with the words "everyone", "everyone", "all". One way or another, such a pronoun must combine objects into a group.

Pronouns-nouns

This group is distinguished already by grammatical features, in contrast to all the above, divided by value. Such pronouns have syntactic and morphological features in common with nouns. So, to them you can ask questions "who?" Or "what?", They serve in the sentence of addition or subject. They have categories of number, person, gender and case. Not everyone knows that the word "who" is masculine, and "what" is average. This group includes all personal and reflexive pronouns, as well as some interrogative, relative, negative and uncertain, namely: "he", "nobody", "something", "someone", "she", "they" and The like.

Adjective pronouns

This part of speech indicates the feature of the subject. These pronouns have gender and number, they can tend by case. But this is not always true - "what" and "such" never change and can only fulfill the role of the predicate. All the others can serve as definitions, and as an integral part of the predicate. The unchanging pronouns-adjectives are possessive "him", "her", "them." This group also includes part of the index, question, relative, negative and uncertain, and more specifically - "my", "your", "our", "your", "which", "whose", "most," and the like. Sometimes they do not separate pronouns-adverbs. They point to the sign, while characterizing the action. The pronouns of such a group do not have numbers and genus, they do not tend by case and are consistent with verbs as adverbs, fulfilling in the sentences the role of circumstances. These include "there", "where", "where", "when", "so." Some linguists do not distinguish them into a separate group at all, while others do not even classify it as such.

Pronouns-numerals

They indicate the number of objects, as though not telling it. This group includes such pronouns as "as much" and "how much", as well as all their derivatives, for example, "several", "some" or "some". All of them may tend by case, but they do not change in numbers and genera. Harmonization is carried out on the same principle as quantitative numerals with nouns. The role in the sentence also coincides - they are used as definitions.