A personal pronoun, or a little about grammar

A pronoun is a part of speech that indicates an object or its sign, but does not call it. The first category of this part of speech is personal pronouns, which, as a rule, act as pronouns-nouns. Let's look at their features in a foreign language. We know the personal pronouns in Russian perfectly and use them skillfully in our speech (both oral and written). But since we are not native speakers of the English language, we can not intuitively understand the rules of using a particular form of pronoun. The thing is that this part of the speech is slightly different in its grammatical features in both languages. Of course, personal pronouns in English and Russian vary in numbers and persons. But, in addition, there are many differences that significantly affect the translation and understanding.

Thus, personal pronouns in English in the sentence can stand in nominative and "objective" cases. As a rule, they appear in the role of the nominal part of the compound predicate or act as a subject: It is her (part of the nominal predicate). I remember that girl (subject).

Note that the concept of object case is absent in the Russian language. In it, such pronouns act as a complement, direct or indirect. In this case very often there are expressions used in folk wisdom.

Characteristically, the personal pronoun I is never written with a lowercase letter, regardless of the position in the sentence. And, if it is used along with other personal pronouns or nouns, it should stand after them: You and I can do it right now.

If you consider English in terms of etiquette, you can also find some features. Those who know him a little are confronted with the fact that in it the concepts of "you" and "you" do not differ literally. To understand who is talking about, you need to get acquainted with the context.

Of course, immediately there is an opinion that the British and Americans treat each other too familiar and "poke" each other, not respecting either age, status, or subordination. But it is not so. Most likely, they, on the contrary, turn to everyone for "You", which is evidenced by the presence of the obsolete form of "thou", which just means "you". But approximately in the 18th century it disappeared from conversational speech, and it can only be found in religious writings. Therefore, the personal pronoun You now replaces these two forms.

Translating the pronoun It into Russian, we focus on what it means "it". But this is not its full meaning, because in English this word replaces the names of any animals and the names of inanimate objects, and the genus is not important here. Interestingly, the He and She pronouns with respect to animals are also applicable, but only when they are used to characterize pet pets. Personal pronoun It can be translated as "It": It is a boy - It's a boy. The last function of this pronoun is that it acts as a formal subject in such impersonal sentences, in which the narrative of the time, the done or supposed distance, and the weather as a whole is kept.

It is very important to remember when translating that third person pronouns are used on the place of nouns. The fact is, in English, this property affects the choice of the desired form of the verb.

Personal pronoun They are used to refer to both animate and inanimate objects.

In general, analyzing personal pronouns in both languages, it should be noted that there are more similarities between them than differences. However, this does not mean that they are absolutely identical and do not require additional study and analysis of existing features. Language is first and foremost a product of national consciousness. Therefore, before translating, you need to carefully study all the features available to cope with the task.