A bed for all the rules. Characteristics of typical treatment regimens

Diseases come unexpectedly and significantly complicate human life. But they can be treated not only with the help of medicines. Often, in order for the therapy to help complete recovery of the body, you need a bed rest.

A general idea of the limitation of motor activity

Each disease has an individual character and has different effects on the body. But there is a generally accepted set of measures and rules that should be followed for various ailments. In particular, this is the need for bed rest. Depending on the diagnosis, the type of motor restraint may differ. The doctor decides on his obligation and duration. The specialist does this on the basis of the medical prescriptions applicable to this ailment. It is necessary to realize that such a measure is as important as taking medications, and ignoring it can lead to deterioration and unpredictable consequences. Therefore, compliance with bed rest is mandatory for patients to whom he is appointed.

Feasibility of this measure

Like everything in medicine, this restriction has a clearly defined meaning and expediency. First of all, such goals are pursued:

• To a certain extent, limit the activity of the patient's movements (in some cases, practically immobilize him) in order to reduce the need for cells in oxygen, which will reduce the effects of hypoxia and allow them to adapt adequately to the conditions that arise.
• The horizontal position and resting condition will inevitably reduce pain, for example after surgery. And this, in turn, will lead to a decrease in the dosage of pain medications.
• Provide the body with a proper rest and restore the strength of the person exhausted by the disease.

It is worth noting that the physiology of bed rest can only be said when the patient is able to move a little. Otherwise, in time, complete immobility will lead to a number of problems, and the task of the medical staff is to carry out a set of measures to avoid possible complications.

Types of bed regimes

What is the mode? This is the implementation of rules or clearly defined conditions. Distinguish its different types: drinking regime, daily routine and others. This article discusses the hospital regime, through which the patient recovers.

Types of restriction of motor activity include the following items:

1. Strict bed rest. This kind assumes almost complete immobilization and is the most difficult in terms of physiology and psyche. The patient is categorically not allowed to climb, sit down, and sometimes the person is prescribed complete immobilization.
2. Ordinary bed. Limited motor activity within the bed is allowed. Further, when the patient begins to recover, he is allowed to sit down and even do gymnastic exercises under the supervision of a specialist.
3. Chambery. This mode is called semi-post. The patient usually goes to the toilet and the dining room, partially serves himself, but his basic life is limited to the hospital ward.
4. Common. Permitted to travel without restrictions and walks. The patient completely serves himself.

Strict confinement: the duties of the medical staff

When appointing this type of regime, all the work on patient care falls on the shoulders of medical personnel. This category of employees is responsible not only for providing the physiological needs of a seriously ill patient, but also for supporting his morale. Therefore, sensitivity and mutual understanding between a health worker and a sick person is very important. The most time-consuming from the point of view of care is a strict restriction of activity. In such cases, the nurse's duties include:

• Feeding. Food should be warm, attractive in appearance and served at the same time.
• Vessel delivery (change of diaper). This is a special moment. In life, there are intimate situations in which a person has a privacy. Given that the patient can not independently perform a physiological need, and is forced to ask for help from strangers, this often brings the patient moral suffering. This must be understood by the health worker and provide a person with at least a screen that separates him from others.
• Hygienic measures. In strict bed rest, they are especially important. It is necessary to provide the patient with diapers and wet napkins to relieve him of feelings of inferiority. But treatment of inguinal folds and genitals after every act of bowel movement or urination is mandatory.
• Change of bed linen.
• Putting on a gurney.
• Necessary medical manipulations : setting a gas outlet tube, enema and so on.

Struggle against pressure sores

In addition, if there is a prolonged bed rest, the health worker should monitor the possible formation of pressure sores and avoid it in a timely manner. To prevent the occurrence of irritations and ulcers on the skin, you should regularly treat it in vulnerable areas (scapula, sacrum) and periodically turn the patient over. Also, you need to make sure that the underwear is cotton and without stitches, and that the crumbs left after dinner were not present in the bed. For a helpless person this is not trifles.

As for the rest of the motor restraints, partial nurse assistance may be needed during bed rest. It can be expressed in the participation of the sister sister in hygiene and feeding the patient. In addition, the health worker should ensure peace and quiet in the territory of the department.

At what diseases the motor mode is limited?

Bed rest of varying degrees can be prescribed for many diseases. First of all, these are, of course, traumas, postoperative conditions, concussions and other craniocerebral disorders, infectious diseases, a serious pregnancy, all the ailments that are treated in intensive care units and intensive care units. In general, as already mentioned, the bed rest of the patient is important for the recovery process to the same extent as the drug therapy.

Resuscitation: features of bed rest

As for the intensive care unit, only a strict bed rest is used here. This is obvious, since in the intensive care and emergency room there are people who were almost born twice. Many of them survived a clinical death, others are in a coma. Given that patients are completely immobilized, nursing care is particularly relevant here. The specificity of such departments is that the patients in them are without underwear and in common wards not separated by gender. As for the first, it is necessary for full access to the body in the event of situations where a person needs to carry out activities to save lives. In addition, medical staff should have a round-the-clock opportunity to treat skin and wounds in order to avoid complications.

Full rest

Complete immobilization here is of particular importance, since droppers, catheters, pacemakers and other equipment are constantly connected to patients in extremely serious condition. Naturally, its disconnection due to careless movement of the patient can cause bleeding, disruption of the integrity of tissues, stopping breathing and lead to death.

Bed rest with concussion

Consider several common conditions in which observing bed rest is vital. Such diseases include craniocerebral injuries, in particular, concussion of the brain. It can be of different degrees of severity, but in any case, a certain regime is required (bed strict or half-bed - the doctor decides).

In severe cases, of course, hospitalization is mandatory. But if the condition allows the presence of a home, it should be remembered that with such diseases it is necessary to stay mainly in a horizontal position for about a week. In some cases, it is permitted to get out of bed for mandibles and meals. It is important not to forget that the patient needs complete rest: categorically forbidden watching TV, working at a computer, reading books and the like, as this can lead to a significant deterioration in the state.

Bed rest during pregnancy

There is one more period in a person's life, where a bed rest can be needed - this is a very difficult pregnancy. The doctor decides about hospitalization in case of threat of miscarriage or the possibility of occurrence of violations in the development of the unborn child. What will be needed bed rest in each case, the gynecologist decides. But there are conditions in which a pregnant woman will have to spend almost the entire period in a horizontal position without the right to get up and sit down. This happens with the threat of detachment of the placenta, hypertension of the uterus or cervical insufficiency. But mostly pregnant women are assigned a ward regime with a gradual transition to a general and sparing (already at home).
It is worth noting that when, for example, the extended bed regimen, the future mother is allowed to sit no more than a few minutes a day. If a ward is appointed (bed), then the woman should be in bed for half a day, and the rest of the time be in a semi-sitting position, sometimes slowly moving to a distance of 200 meters. Under the general regime, you can walk at a leisurely pace (up to 1 km) and use stairs.

How to keep the sick child in bed?

All parents are familiar with the situation when the child has a high fever, and he tries to run around the apartment. Many come to be perplexed, not understanding how to explain to the child that when an infectious disease needs a regimen (bed even more so). But, since compliance with this condition in the acute period is necessary, parents have to go to different tricks to calm the child. First of all, mother should understand what is fraught with non-compliance with the regime. This can lead to complications in the heart, urinary system, serious vascular disorders. Therefore, bed rest in children is prescribed with an increase in body temperature, of course, only during the exacerbation of the disease. Such a measure will save the energy of the child to fight the disease, help avoid complications and accelerate recovery.

There are diseases in which one can not do without bed rest, for example trauma, when strict fixation of the damaged area is necessary. In such cases, forcing the forced absence without movement did not lead to whims, and in older children - and to depressive states, it is necessary to help the child successfully survive this period. Provide the child with toys, table-printed games, interesting books, you can allow a short view of the TV. It would be superfluous to rarely invite relatives or friends whom the child will be happy to see. It is necessary to help the patient to change position in order to avoid muscle congestion and numbness of the limbs. If prolonged bed rest is provided, it is recommended to purchase special devices used to avoid bedsores. In the case of infectious diseases, you can sometimes take a sitting position, and after an acute period begin to gradually activate the motor regime.

Gymnastics for bed rest

It is important to remember that physical exercises are recommended even with the appointment of strict bed rest. They assume passive limb movements and active - in the area of small joints. The respiratory gymnastics and massage were well justified.

For other types of motor limitations, the following exercises are recommended:

• At the initial stages of bed rest, it is important to adapt the patient to later life, therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the renewal of self-service skills. First of all, this is the feeding, which the nurses gradually begins to produce under the condition of the patient's sitting position. These measures are designed to return the patient to a full life. In addition, daily exercises are gradually connected: active limb movements in an average tempo of no more than 15 minutes.
• When appointing a ward mode, slow walking is allowed for a distance of about two hundred meters, sparing exercises at an average pace in the supine and sitting position.
• In the case of the general regime, exercises that are performed with an average intensity for half an hour are necessary. They are held mostly standing, gradually becoming more complicated, and also throwing a light ball is allowed. Often groups of such patients are engaged with a specialist in the physician's office.

Complications of prolonged bed rest

Prolonged bed rest after various serious diseases - not uncommon. But we must understand that forced long-term immobilization has extremely negative consequences for the human body. Hypodinamy causes a worsening of metabolism, vascular changes, stagnation in the respiratory system, skin disorders, dysfunction of the urinary system (sometimes its infection) and psychological problems. In addition, it is proved that a person without movement every day loses up to 3% of muscle mass, which can lead to complete muscle atrophy and weight loss. That's why after a long coma people learn to walk anew. A lying patient who is conscious should at least manipulate the comb and clean his teeth by himself - this will help to avoid the severe consequences of hypodynamia.

It must be remembered that any limitation of the motor regime presupposes feasible activity. If it is observed, the person's recovery will be greatly accelerated.