The invention of the machine, which later became lathe (referring to historical sources), is attributed to 650 years BC. E. The first cutting tool was a primitive device consisting of two fixed faces coaxial to the center. They clamped the workpiece out of bone or wood. The apprentice or slave rotated the workpiece, and the master, holding the cutter, processed, giving the desired shape.
Few centuries passed. Everything around has changed a lot, including the cutting tool. He acquired a more perfect, modern look. Domestic machine-tool construction takes one of the first places in the world and produces a huge number of various machines, including software.
The cutting tool is the most necessary equipment in modern production. One of the main metal cutting tools is a milling cutter, on which the teeth are cut in the form of blades, playing the main role in the process of work.
The lathe cutting tool, as mentioned above, has gone through many centuries of improvement, and today performs the processing of products by turning or by cutting in a rotating mode.
The basis of the cutting tool of the machine is a cutter, a drill, all sorts of sweeps, special heads for threading and various other tools. The processing of the metal by the chisel is like wedging, and the chisel itself is like a wedge. Cutters are of different purposes and have a variety of shapes. They are sharpened at different angles, depending on what material will be processed. The cutting tool is fixed in the toolholder so that the cutting edge coincides with the level of the spindle axis. The incisors must be harder than the workpiece to be processed and should not be reduced from heating.
The main node of the machine is a spindle, which clamps the workpiece and rotates with it. The cutting tool, in turn, can move along the workpiece and across the axis of rotation of the workpiece. Modern lathe-cutting tools in our time have found multifunctionality. The devices can work both for turning, and for performing milling and drilling operations.
The firmness of the cutting tool depends on the quality of the material from which it is made. The same time depends on this, in which the incisors do not need another sharpening. At the next sharpening of the tool, the top layer of metal is grinded, because of this, the tool wears naturally. The faster the thickness decreases, the less it will last. For each cutting tool, there are special formulas, according to which the calculations are made of their suitability until they are completely discarded. The processing of all possible hard alloys at high rotational speeds requires periodic cooling of the cutting tool, which prolongs its ability to remain a long period in excellent condition. To do this, apply all kinds of cooling emulsions and carbide cutters.