Writer Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentievich: biography, list of books, features of creativity and reviews

Russian writer Veresaev Vikenty Vikentievich (Smidovich) occupies a special place in the galaxy of Russian prose writers. Today he is lost on the background of his outstanding contemporaries LN Tolstoy, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, A. Chekhov, M. Gorky, I. Bunin, M. Sholokhov, but he has his own style, his highest merits before Russian literature and A number of excellent works.

Family and childhood

Veresaev was born Vikenty Vikentievich, whose biography was connected with two vocations: a doctor and a writer, on January 4, 1867 in Tula. In the family of the future writer there were a lot of nationalities hanging out. Mother's parents were Mirgorod Ukrainian and Greek, on the paternal line in the family were Germans and Poles. Family name of the writer - Smidovich, belonged to an ancient Polish noble family. His father was a doctor, he founded the first city hospital in Tula, initiated the creation of a sanitary commission in the city, stood at the origins of the Tula Society of Physicians. Vincent's mother was a highly educated noblewoman; she was the first in the city to open a kindergarten in her home, and then she also started a primary school. The family had 11 children, three died in childhood. All the children were given a quality education, the house was constantly visited by representatives of the local intelligentsia, discussions were held about the art of politics, the destiny of the country. In this atmosphere, and grew up a boy who in the future himself will become a vivid representative of the Russian educated nobility. Since childhood, Vikenty read books, especially loved them was an adventure genre, especially Mine Reed and Gustave Emar. Beginning with adolescence, the future literary man actively helped the family every summer, he worked on par with the peasants: mowed, plowed, hauled hay, so the severity of agricultural work knew firsthand.

Study

Vikenty Veresaev grew up in a family where education was compulsory for everyone. The boy's parents were themselves enlightened people, they had an excellent library and they instilled love for learning to children. Veresaev had very good natural humanitarian talents: excellent memory, interest in languages and history. In the gymnasium he studied very diligently, and each class finished with the award among the first students, he achieved special achievements in the knowledge of ancient languages and from the age of 13 began to translate. Veresayev graduated from high school with a silver medal. In 1884, he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of the St. Petersburg University, which graduated from the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences. But the fascination with the ideas of populism, the influence of the views of D. Pisarev and N. Mikhailovsky, pushed him to admission to the Medical Faculty in Dorpat University (Tartu) in 1888. The young man rightly believed that the profession of a physician would allow him to "go to the people" and benefit him. While still a student, in 1892 he went to Ekaterinoslav province, where he worked during the epidemic of cholera as the head of the sanitary barracks.

Life Peripeteia

In 1894, after graduating from university, Veresaev returned to Tula, where he began to work as a doctor. Vikenti Veresaev, whose biography is now connected with medicine, during his medical practice closely watched people's lives and made notes, which later became literary works. So in his life, the two most important things in life intertwined. Two years later, Veresaev moved to St. Petersburg, he was invited as one of the best graduates of the medical faculty to work in St. Petersburg barracks (the future Botkin) hospital for acute patients. For five years he works there as a resident and head of the library. In 1901, he goes on a great journey through Russia and Europe, he talks a lot with leading writers of the time, observing people's lives. In 1903 he moved to Moscow, where he intends to devote himself to literature. With the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War Vikenty Vikentievich as a doctor is mobilized, and he becomes the younger resident in the mobile field hospital in Manchuria. Impressions of that time will later become the theme of several of his works. During the First World War, he was also a military doctor in Kolomna, he was engaged in organizing the work of the Moscow military-sanitary detachment.

Progressively minded, Veresaev accepted both Russian revolutions, in which he saw good for the country. After the October Revolution, he became chairman of the Arts and Education Commission at the Council of Workers' Deputies in Moscow. From 1918 to 1921 he lived in the Crimea and was an eyewitness of fierce battles between white and red, this period of deprivation and hardship will also become a source of plots for literary works. Since 1921, the writer lives in Moscow, writes and actively participates in educational and organizational activities.

During the Second World War, an elderly writer is already evacuated in Tbilisi. He managed to see the victory of the USSR in the war and died June 3, 1945 in Moscow.

The first literary experiments

Veresaev Vikenti begins to write at the gymnasium age, initially the young man saw himself as a poet. His first publication is a poem "Meditation", published under the pseudonym V. Vikentev in the magazine "Fashionable Light and Fashion Store" in 1885. Two years later in the magazine "World illustration" under the pseudonym Veresaev he published the story "Riddle", in which he gives his answers to the main questions of life: what is happiness and what is the meaning of life. Since that time, literature has become a permanent occupation of Vikenty Vikentievich.

Becoming a Master

Vikenti Veresaev, from the very beginning of his journey in literature, defined his direction as a search path, he reflected in his works the painful throws of the Russian intelligentsia, which he experienced himself, having gone from being fascinated by Narodism and Marxism to moderate patriotism. He almost immediately realized that poetry is not his way, and turned to prose. First he tries himself in small forms: he writes stories, small stories. In 1892 he published a series of essays "Underground Kingdom" about the life and hard work of Donetsk miners. Then he first uses the pseudonym Veresaev, which became his literary name. In 1894 he published the story "Without a road", in which he depicted in figurative form the search for the path, the meaning of life by the Russian public and the intelligentsia. In 1897, the story "Povetry" continues the same theme, fixing the acquisition of a young generation of leading social-democratic ideas.

Years of glory

In 1901, Veresaev's "Notes of a Doctor" came out, which brought him fame throughout the country. In them the writer talks about the way of the young doctor, about those realities of the profession, which were usually hushed up, about experiments on patients, about the moral severity of this work. The work showed a great writer talent Veresaeva, subtle psychology and observation of the author. From that time on he joined the galaxy of leading writers of the country, along with Garshin and Gorky. Progressive views of the writer did not go unnoticed, and the authorities send him under surveillance in Tula, to reduce his activity.

In 1904-1906 his notes on the war in Japan were published, in which he already speaks almost directly about the need to oppose the power of the autocracy. Veresaev Vikenti also deals with book publishing, is a member of various literary associations. After the revolution, he actively participates in educational work, participates in the publication of new journals. After revolution, Veresaev Vikenty Vikentevich turns to large forms and literary criticism. Works in the form of "critical research" about Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Nietzsche became a new word in literary and artistic prose. The author has always tried to "educate the youth," to broadcast high ideals and educational ideas. Out of his pen are excellent critical and biographical essays on I. Annensky, A. Chekhov, L. Andreev, V. Korolenko.

A lot of time the writer gives translations, in his presentation many works from ancient Greek poetry were published. For them, Veresaev was even awarded the Pushkin Prize. Even on his last day Vikenty Vikentievich was engaged in editing the translation of the Iliad of Homer.

Writing Method

Veresaev Vikentius linked his literary destiny to the "new life", in this he echoes with M. Gorky. His writing style differs not only in bright realism, but also in the finest psychological observations of his own experiences. Autobiography has become a distinctive feature of his work. His impressions of life, he set out in sketch series of notes. World outlook searches found their expression in the stories that became famous Vikenty Veresaev. "Contest", "Eithymia" and some other stories became his narrative about his personal life and reflections on the female ideal.

The most vividly creative essence of Veresaev was expressed in such works as the novels "At the Dead End" and "Sisters".

Criticism and feedback

Veresaev Vikenty during life was fairly favorably criticized, he was noted as an actual and advanced author. Modern literary critics rarely turn to the writer's work, which, however, does not mean his lack of creative finds and talented works. Reviews of modern readers are also rare, but very supportive. Contemporary connoisseurs of Veresaev celebrate his magnificent style and consonance with the worldview of modern youth.

Private life

Veresaev Vikenti Vikentievich was constantly absorbed in his work. In life, he was a simple and very benevolent and affable person. He was married to his second cousin Maria Hermogenenne. The couple did not have children. In general, he lived a prosperous life, filled with work and participation in the organization of the educational and creative process in the country.