Short biography and works of Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich

In an interview, Alexander Solzhenitsyn confessed that he devoted his life to the Russian revolution. What did the author of the novel "In the First Circle" mean? Domestic history contains in itself hidden tragic turns. To testify about them the writer considered his duty. Solzhenitsyn's works are a significant contribution to the historical science of the 20th century.

short biography

Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich was born in 1918 in Kislovodsk. He studied literature from his youth. Prior to the war, he was primarily interested in the history of the First World War. The future writer, dissident and public figure devoted his first literary works to this topic.

The creative and life path of Solzhenitsyn is unique. Becoming a witness and participant in important historical events is happiness for the writer, but a great tragedy for a person.

Solzhenitsyn met the beginning of the war in Moscow. Here he studied at the correspondence department of the Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature. Behind him was Rostov University. Ahead is the officer's school, intelligence and arrest. In the late nineties in the literary magazine "New World" Solzhenitsyn's works were published, in which the author reflected his military experience. And he had a lot of it.

An officer-artilleryman, the future writer has gone from the Eagle to East Prussia. The events of this period he devoted years later the works "Zhelabugskie vyselki", "Adlig Shvenkitten". He was in the very places where the army of General Samsonov had once passed. Events of 1914 Solzhenitsyn dedicated the book "The Red Wheel".

Captain Solzhenitsyn was arrested in 1945. Then came the long years of prisons, camps, links. After rehabilitation in 1957, he spent some time in a rural school near Ryazan. Solzhenitsyn's room was filmed by a local resident, Matryona Zakharovna, who later became the prototype of the main character of the story "Matrenin Yard".

Writer-underground worker

Solzhenitsyn admitted in his autobiographical book, "The calf with the oak was eating," that although he was dragging himself into literature before his arrest, it was very unconscious. In peacetime, at large, he was upset that fresh topics for stories were not easy to find. What would Solzhenitsyn's works be if he were not imprisoned?

Themes for stories, novels and novels were born on shipments, in camp barracks, in prison cells. Unable to write down his thoughts on paper, he created entire chapters of the novels The Gulag Archipelago and The First Circle in the mind, and then memorized them by heart.

After liberation Alexander Isaevich continued to write. To print their works seemed in the fifties an unrealizable dream. But he did not stop writing, believing that his work would not be lost, that plays, stories and novels would be read at least by descendants.

Solovytsin was able to publish his first works only in 1963. Books, as separate editions, appeared much later. At home, the writer was able to print stories in the "New World". But even this was an incredible happiness.

Disease

Learning to write, and then burn - a way that for the safety of their works Solzhenitsyn used more than once. But when the doctors told him in exile that he had to live for several weeks, he was afraid first of all that the reader he had never created would never have seen. Solzhenitsyn had no one to preserve his works. Friends are in camps. Mother died. His wife divorced him in absentia and married another. Solzhenitsyn folded the manuscripts that he managed to write, then hid them in a bottle of champagne, he buried this bottle in the garden. And he went to Tashkent to die ...

However, he survived. With a severe diagnosis, recovery seemed to be an omen from above. In the spring of 1954, Solzhenitsyn wrote the "Republic of Labor" - the first work, in the creation of which the writer-underground knew happiness not to destroy the passage after the passage, but to be able to read his own work completely.

"In the first circle"

In the literary underground was written a novel about sharashka. Prototypes of the main characters in the novel "In the First Circle" were the author himself and his acquaintances. But, despite all the precautions, as well as the desire to publish the work in a light version, only KGB officers had read it. In Russia, the novel In the First Circle was published only in 1990. In the West, twenty-two years earlier.

"One Day of Ivan Denisovich"

The camp is a special world. He has nothing to do with that in which free people are. In the camp, each one in his own way survives and dies. Solzhenitsyn's first published work depicts only one day of the hero's life. About the camp life the author knew firsthand. That is why the reader is struck by the crude and truthful realism present in the story that Solzhenitsyn wrote.

The books of this writer caused a resonance in the world society, first of all due to reliability. Solzhenitsyn believed that the writer's talent fades, and then completely dies, if in his work he seeks to circumvent the truth. Therefore, being in absolute literary isolation for a long time and not being able to publish the results of his many years of work, he did not envy the success of representatives of so-called socialist realism. The Union of Writers expelled Tsvetaeva, rejected Pasternak and Akhmatova. Did not take Bulgakov. In this world, if talents appeared, they quickly perished.

History of publication

Solzhenitsyn did not dare to sign the manuscript sent to the editorial board of Novy Mir. Hopes for the fact that "One day of Ivan Denisovich" will see the light, almost was not. The long months passed from the moment when one of the writer's friends sent out several sheets, written in small handwriting to the staff of the country's main literary publishing house, when suddenly Tvardovsky's invitations came.

The author of "Vasily Turkin" and the editor-in-chief of the "New World" magazine, read the manuscript of the unknown author thanks to Anne Berzer. The publishing house employee suggested Tvardovsky read the story, saying the phrase, which became decisive: "This is about the camp life, the eyes of a simple peasant." The great Soviet poet, the author of a military-patriotic poem, came from a simple peasant family. And because the work in which the narrative is conducted on behalf of the "simple peasant", he was very interested.

The Gulag Archipelago

The novel about the inhabitants of Stalin's camps Solzhenitsyn created more than ten years. For the first time the work was published in France. In 1969 the "Gulag Archipelago" was completed. However, it was not only difficult to publish such a work in the Soviet Union, but it was also risky. One of the writer's assistants, who reprinted the first volume of the work, was a victim of persecution of KGB officers. As a result of the arrest and a five-day continuous interrogation, an elderly woman testified against Solzhenitsyn. And then committed suicide.

After these events, the writer had no doubts about the need to print the "Archipelago" abroad.

Abroad

Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was expelled from the Soviet Union a few months after the publication of the novel The Gulag Archipelago. The writer was accused of treason. The Soviet media widely covered the nature of the crime, which allegedly committed Solzhenitsyn. In particular, the author of the "Archipelago" was accused of aiding Vlasov during the war. But nothing was said about the content of the sensational book.

Until the last days of his life Solzhenitsyn did not stop his literary and social activities. In an interview with a foreign periodical, in the early eighties, the Russian writer expressed his confidence that he would be able to return to his homeland. Then it seemed unlikely.

Return

In 1990, Solzhenitsyn returned. In Russia, he wrote many articles on topical political and public topics. A significant portion of the fees the writer listed in support of prisoners and their families. One of the prizes is in favor of the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. But it should be noted that the writer of the Holy Apostle Andrew Pervozvanny still refused, motivating his action unwillingness to accept a reward from the supreme authority, which brought the country to its present lamentable state.

Solzhenitsyn's works are a valuable contribution to Russian literature. In Soviet times he was considered a dissident and a nationalist. Solzhenitsyn disagreed with this opinion, arguing that he is a Russian writer who, above all, loves his Fatherland.