Why do planes fly? Required minimum for take-off

Man always dreamed of flying in the sky. Do you remember the story of Icarus and his son? This, of course, is just a myth and how it was in fact we will never know, but thirsts to soar in the sky this story reveals in full. The first attempts to fly up into the sky were made with the help of a huge balloon, which is now rather a means for romantic walks in the sky, then a dirigible appeared, and along with it planes and helicopters later appear. Now, almost no one is news or something unusual that you can fly for 3 hours by plane to another continent. But how does this happen? Why do planes fly and do not fall?

The explanation from the physical point of view is quite simple, but it is harder to do it in practice

For many years, various experiments were conducted to create a flying machine, many prototypes were created. But to understand why planes fly, it is enough to know Newton's second law and be able to reproduce it in practice. Now people, or rather engineers and scientists, are trying to create such a machine that would fly at colossal speeds, exceeding by several times the speed of sound. That is, the question is not how airplanes fly, but how to make them fly faster.

Two things for the plane to take off - powerful engines and the correct design of the wings

The engines create a huge thrust that pushes the aircraft's design forward. But this is not enough, because you also need to go up, and in this situation it turns out that so far we can only accelerate over the surface to a tremendous speed. The next important thing is the shape of the wings and the hull itself. They create a lifting force. Wings are made so that the air under them becomes slower than above them, and eventually it appears that the air from below pushes the hull upwards, and the air above the wing is unable to resist this effect when the aircraft reaches a certain speed. This phenomenon is called lifting in physics, and to understand this in more detail, you need to have a little knowledge in aerodynamics and other related laws. But to understand why planes fly, this knowledge is enough.

Landing and take-off - what do you need for this car?

For the aircraft, you need a huge runway, or rather - a long runway. This is due to the fact that he first needs to gain a certain speed for take-off. In order for the lifting force to act, it is necessary to accelerate the aircraft to such a speed that air from the bottom of the wings will begin to lift the structure upwards. The question of why low-flying planes, concerns this particular part, when the car goes on take-off or landing. A low start makes it possible to climb the plane very high into the sky, and we often see it in clear weather - the flight planes, leaving a white trail behind them, move people from one point to another much faster than can be done by land transport or sea.

Fuel for aircraft

Also wondering why planes fly on kerosene. Yes, basically it is, but the fact is that some types of equipment use gasoline and even diesel fuel as fuel. But what is the advantage of kerosene? There are several of them.

The first, perhaps, can be called its cost. It is much cheaper than gasoline. The second reason can be called its ease, in comparison with the same gasoline. Also, kerosene has the property of burning, so to speak, smoothly. In cars - cars or trucks - we need the possibility of a sharp on and off engine, when the aircraft is designed to start it and constantly maintain the movement of turbines at a given speed for a long time, if we talk about passenger aircraft. Light motor aircraft, which is not designed for transportation of huge loads, but mostly related to the military industry, agriculture, etc. (in such a car can only accommodate up to two people), is small and manoeuvrable, and therefore gasoline is suitable for this area. Its explosive combustion is suitable for the type of turbines that are installed in light aircraft.

Is the helicopter a competitor or a friend to an airplane?

An interesting invention of mankind, related to movement in airspace is a helicopter. He has the main advantage over the plane - vertical takeoff and landing. It does not require a huge space for overclocking, and why do planes fly only from places equipped for these purposes? That's right, you need a fairly long and smooth surface. Otherwise, the outcome of landing somewhere in the field can become fraught with the destruction of the machine, and even worse - human victims. A landing helicopter can be made on the roof of the building, which is adapted to the stadium, etc. For the aircraft this function is not available, although the designers are already working to combine the power and speed of the aircraft with vertical take-off.