The school is a good informer for a person. But time passes and some knowledge is forgotten. Ask someone after ten or twenty years after graduation questions, what is the name of science, which studies the development of human society, so it's not a fact that you will get an answer. And it is simple to impossible: its name is history. Let's consider it in more depth, we will refresh the general information, analyze what role of science in the development of society, approaches to its research and study, and a number of other issues. After all, those who remember the story, it is very difficult to manage.
general information
Initially, this science, which studies the development of human society, was not considered as such. It was equated with art and literature. Initially, the task of history was reduced to the glorification of various rulers and stories about their affairs. For this purpose, parchments and papyrus chronicles, chronicles and biographies were written. In ancient Greek mythology, the muse of history was Clio. Its name comes from the word "glorify," which gives us an idea of its then-important importance. Modern world historical literature tends to give impartial assessments. But people write it, so it's not always possible. There is no consensus on the subject of history. This science of the development of society has about 30 definitions. In many ways, thoughts influence the world outlook of a person and his philosophical views. Also history is a science about the laws of the development of society. It allows you to take into account the mistakes of the past, in order to be more effective now and in the future.
Approaches
What approaches does science use to study the development of human society? If a person who is on a materialistic position is engaged in it, then history is considered to study certain patterns of development, which are limited by some space-time framework. In the Marxist approach, much attention is paid to labor, to the methods of production and to the realization of economic activity. In addition, they consider various historical conditions such as the interrelations of different countries, class struggle, geographical and other studies. There is also a pluralistic approach to the study of processes. He does not recognize the existence of a common cause of development in human history, but adheres to the idea that many different factors acted on society. They, in turn, are regulated by different social groups and organizations.
Scientific method
Whichever approach is used by man, there are a number of common features. Thus, research uses a scientific apparatus and certain categories. The most important of the latter is the notion of "historical time". In this category, an arbitrary event is characterized in terms of time and place of action. History, however, as a process is seen as a movement between different events. Also this science, which studies the development of human society, works exclusively with facts. They form the basis of knowledge. It is on them that all concepts and concepts are based. The reliability of facts largely depends on the understanding of historical reality and the development process. So let's pay special attention to them.
Historical fact
This concept is considered in two senses:
- The phenomenon that took place.
- Its reflection in historical science.
There is a close connection between them. So, some facts can provide the reader with too little information so that he can fully understand it. Therefore, they are used with certain "comments" that historians give. The meaning of the content depends on ideological, theoretical and general scientific views. Therefore, the impact of science on the development of society should not be underestimated. After all, people form science and fall under the influence of feedback. Does this mean that it is impossible to achieve historical truth? No, it's not. People's ideas about the truth are changing. Science develops from incomplete or relative awareness to a more perfect and accurate form of data representation. But do not count on absolute truth. As long as there is a society, the last chapter of history is still not written.
Sources
They are necessary for the history, this science of the laws of the development of society, to develop and improve, providing us with the most complete and accurate information. There are 6 groups of sources:
- Written. As such sources are called epigraphic monuments, graffiti, birch bark letters and manuscripts.
- Real. These include tools, utensils, clothes, household items, ornaments, coins, remains of dwellings, weapons, and so on.
- Ethnographic. Remains and vestiges of ancient life, which have survived to this day.
- Folklore. This is oral folk art - songs, legends, fairy tales, sayings, proverbs and so on.
- Linguistic. Personal names, place names and the like.
- Cinematographic and photographic documents.
Learning History
We have already read a lot of information. So let's find out what science is about, which studies the development of human society from a research point of view. Initially, it should be noted that the term "history" has two interpretations. The former is used to denote the process of development in time (the individual or the entire society). The second meaning absorbed science, which examines all the nuances and aspects of this process. Great importance in this matter is played by local features of the development of the state. Also, one should not miss the development of civilization. Several aspects can be understood by this. So, "civilization" can be used as a synonym for the word "culture". This term is also used to denote the stage of social development, as well as the formed spiritual and material culture.
Conclusion
History is an important science for citizens of any state. Rulers of the countries with its help can foresee a lot of mistakes and avoid them, people will not allow fools to rule, which can destroy many social mechanisms. Of course, for a full-fledged formation of personality, it is not enough to know the history. But it can be a good foundation. Suffice it to recall that little children are told about the past by their parents, not only their own, but also their grandfathers, grandmothers and other relatives. From these stories, the younger generation derives knowledge about how to behave in society, what models of interaction are permissible - and many other information. Even if there is no desire to go to politics, then one should know the history. At least in order to know about the harbingers of troubles and, if necessary, to exert all the forces so that the problems will not be affected by the state, but with him and the person.