Rational nature management and its principles

The 60s of the twentieth century became a decisive time for the ecological field: it was then that scientists realized that rational nature management is an indispensable measure without which our resources will quickly be consumed.

The attention of the scientific world to this problem was caused by an actively developing industry, which, although it showed rapid progress, created comfortable living conditions, developed the economy, but at the same time, it also rapidly exhausted resources and contributed to the disruption of ecosystems.

What is environmental management?

Under the nature use means the possibility of using resources and properties of the environment. They can be economic, ecological, health and cultural. Depending on this classification, the forms of nature management are divided: health, cultural, ecological and economic, the latter of which is the leading one. These four forms, in turn, are divided into two, depending on the specific use: special and general.

Almost all these forms of nature use are subject to state control, and this is part of environmental policy.

Rational nature management is a system of interaction of mankind with nature, which consists in the planned transformation of the environment taking into account the use of those resources that are not renewed, and state control plays an important role here.

The power structures of states try to control the use of natural resources through legislative acts: for example, the form of general nature management does not imply a special permit. This category includes the use of water and air.

But special rational nature management is carried out exclusively on the basis of a permit issued by the responsible authorities to individuals or legal entities. Special treats include the use of subsoil, land, forest and wildlife.

Principles of rational nature management

Since renewable and non-renewable natural resources can be depleted with active and unrestricted use, it becomes necessary to formulate principles for the rational use of natural resources.

1. Planning and forecast. Rational nature management implies a scientific approach to analyzing the situation associated with natural resources. To do this, commissions are organized that collect data and examine the state of resources, and on the basis of the data obtained make a report that serves to resolve one of the types of management: soft or hard.
2. Systems approach. This principle implies a comprehensive assessment of how production affects the environment. The fact is that ecological systems are interrelated, and therefore, with an emphasis on one area of resources, there is a risk of depleting others (for example, increasing fertility through active irrigation).
3. Optimization. This principle is based on the fact that when saving resources, it is necessary to pay attention to the economic sector of the region.
4. Complex use. According to this principle, it is better to build industrial enterprises in a certain area, taking into account the possibility of using many resources. This is done in order to pollute a smaller area.
5. Introduction of ecological and economic systems. The purpose of this principle is to develop and install such systems that less pollute the environment and at the same time consume less resources. The most popular example is wind power stations. They have spread in Western Europe, but, nevertheless, they harm the person because of the vibration that they create during work. Therefore, they need to be built several kilometers from populated areas.

Thus, it can be said that adherence to these principles, taking into account modern environmental problems, can reduce the harm caused by a person only partially.