An empirical study

Methods of cognition of living nature are usually classified according to the degree of their generality, breadth of application. Techniques equip people with a system of principles, rules, requirements. All these elements contribute to the achievement of the intended goals. The person who owns the method has knowledge about the sequence and manner in which to perform certain actions. These actions, in turn, are necessary for the solution of those or other tasks.

The beginning of the development of the doctrine of the method was laid in the scientific knowledge of the New Age. Representatives of that period considered the cognitive device to be a certain reference point when moving towards true, reliable knowledge. So, for example, Bacon (a famous philosopher of the 17th century) compared the cognitive method with a lantern. He illuminates the road to a traveler moving in the dark.

Empirical research includes all those methods, techniques of cognitive activity, fixing and formulating knowledge, which are the direct result of practical actions or their content. Thus, two groups of receptions are formed. Empirical research includes the isolation and study of the object, as well as the processing and systematization of the acquired knowledge. This can be played back as a list. Thus, the empirical study includes:

1. Observation. This method of collecting information is carried out on the basis of recording and recording the data obtained primarily.
2. Studying of primary documents. This method is based on the study of information documented earlier.
3. Comparison. This technique allows us to draw an analogy between two objects.
4. Measurement. This method helps to determine the actual quantitative value in the properties of the studied object. The corresponding measuring units are used, for example, amperes, rubles, normo-clocks and others.
5. The normative method involves the application of specific standards. Real indicators are compared with these standards. This allows you to set the system compliance. With the help of regulations, you can determine the content and composition of functions, the complexity of their implementation, the number of employees and so on. The standards should be reasonable, cover the whole system as a whole, and also have a promising and progressive character.
6. Scientific experiment. This method is based on the study of the object (phenomenon) under conditions created artificially.

The elementary and primary process of cognition, which includes empirical research, is observation. It consists in an organized, systematic and purposeful perception of the phenomena and objects of the external world.

Observation has a number of characteristics. In particular, it relies on certain theoretical positions or on a developed theory. Observation provides for the solution of a specific problem, helps in posing questions, as well as verifying and making hypotheses. It has an organized and systematic character, is systematic and eliminates random errors. The implementation of the observation involves the use of various instruments - microscopes, cameras, telescopes and other means that contribute to the expansion of the field of study.

You can get quantitative data by counting or measuring.

And measurements (count), and observations are part of a method of cognition, such as experiment. For its implementation, the student intervenes in the position of the studied objects. The experiment is one of the practical forms, combining natural laws and the interaction of objects.