What kind of pressure should the child have? Blood pressure norm by age

Many parents are concerned with the question of what kind of pressure the child should have, and if it turns out to be lower or higher than the adult norm, mom and dad panic. In fact, intracranial pressure in children depends strictly on age. The smaller the age of the child, the lower his pressure, since the distance between the walls of the vessels, and their capillary network is greater, and therefore the blood pressure in them is lower.

Violation of blood pressure can lead to serious consequences, which we will discuss later, first we need to know what pressure in children of different ages is normal.

Norms of pressure in infants

The lowest rates are observed in infants. Normal pressure and pulse in children under 2 weeks range from 60 to 96 - systolic (ie, upper), 40-50 - diastolic (lower). The values above these will cause the baby's anxiety, bad sleep, moods, crying, everything that moms usually throw off at a child's too small age. In fact, the baby signals about his poor health. Elevated blood pressure is often found in children who have undergone a complicated pregnancy and labor, wrapped around the umbilical cord.

From two weeks to two months 80-112 (systolic) and 40-74 (diastolic) pressure in children - the norm (the table by Komarovsky). Then, up to a year, it keeps within 90-112 upper, 50-74 lower.

How is high blood pressure diagnosed in infants?

Unlike older children, it is easier for infants to diagnose pressure problems due to the fontanel. Unclosed skull under pressure expands, which leads to a visible increase in the head (hydrocephalus). Besides:

• The head becomes disproportionate, with a large forehead;
• Visible venous network on the head;
• Too fast head growth;
• Swollen fontanel (usually it is slightly fallen).

The child with intracranial pressure will be sluggish, sleepy, moody, will slowly gain weight and sluggishly develop (keep your head, sit, crawl).

Typically, for these symptoms to diagnose the deviation should the pediatrician, but if you are concerned about your child's mood, it is better to ask for a more in-depth examination of a neurologist.

BP in a child 2-3 years old

In 2-3 years 100-112 (upper) and 60-74 (lower) pressure in children - the norm (the table by Komarovsky). During this period, the pressure in boys and girls is the same. Only from 9-10 years in boys, as a rule, the systolic pressure becomes somewhat higher. Babies whose numbers are higher than these can be drowsy, irritable, too tired, complaining of headaches, nausea, dizziness and flashes in the eyes, pain in the eye sockets. With these symptoms, be sure to show the child to the pediatrician and the cardiologist.

Blood pressure in a child 3-9 years

What kind of pressure should a child have 3 years, and what's in 9? In general, during this period, the indicators are kept within 100 to 60 and 122 to 78, and only to the pubertal period (puberty), the pressure in the child will begin to approach adult indicators.

To calculate the pressure of a specific age (for example, what kind of pressure in children is 7 years old), you need to take the child's age (n years), multiply by 2 and add 90. So you get the upper pressure. And the bottom - 60 + n years.

BP in children 10-15 years of age

The pressure of the child 10 years makes a jump both in the upper and lower border, and becomes a minimum of 110 to 70. The pressure in a child of 12 years has a maximum of 126 to 82 at puberty.

As the child grows, his pressure increases and gradually approaches the adult. What is the pressure of children 14 years old? On the average, 120/80 - 130/86.

Causes of low blood pressure in a child

Reduced blood pressure (hypotension) can often occur in children after a long illness. Frequent weakness, the complexity of morning awakenings, headache, dizziness and darkness in the eyes after a sharp rise is symptomatic of low blood pressure in a child.

If these symptoms occur, you should see a doctor for an examination. But we should not panic either. You can often increase the pressure without medication. It is necessary to lead an active life, to temper, to be more often in the fresh air.

Causes of high blood pressure in a child

If low blood pressure is usually a consequence of the disease, then high (hypertension) is often the result of overwork of the body, increased physical and emotional activity. Therefore, having found BP above the norm, do not rush to run to the doctor, it is better to give the child time to rest, and only then reapply the pressure.

Of course, if there is a regular long-term increase, it is better to contact a specialist.

The cause of high pressure may be:

• heart diseases;
• overweight;
• heredity;
• Diseases of the endocrine system;
• Kidney disease.

And excessive loads in school can cause stable child hypertension.

How to measure pressure

What kind of pressure should the child have, and what reasons can affect its rise and fall, we disassembled. However, it is extremely important to correctly measure blood pressure so as not to get erroneous values.

Track the dynamics can be using a tonometer, which must be present in any infant medicine cabinet. We measure pressure only if the child is calm and not excited, otherwise the indicators will be overestimated. The situation can be anything - standing, lying, sitting, most importantly, do not change it when measuring.

Since the pressure is determined in the child, it is important to choose the correct width of the cuff - no more than 2/3 of the forearm.

Treatment of hypertension and hypotension

Treatment for abnormalities can be prescribed only by a cardiologist or pediatrician, self-medication of hypertension and hypotension should not be engaged in any way. The only thing you can do before calling a specialist is to know what kind of pressure the child should have, and what the dynamics were for a couple of days, of course, provided that the child was rested, slept, not caught.

If the doctor identifies any serious illness, he will prescribe medication. However, parents for their part can also stimulate the child's fastest recovery. How to do it?

• Create a calm, favorable atmosphere at home and in school, without nerves, stress and excessive stress (warn teachers).
• Observe the regime, especially as for the night rest, take enough time to sleep.
• Eliminate irritants such as TV or computer, or at least limit them to a minimum.
• Organize a healthy, healthy diet 3-4 times a day - especially fruits and vegetables. Exclude salt, spicy, fried, chocolate, coffee, carbonated water. With low blood pressure, it is recommended to drink sweet strong tea with lemon.
• Physical loads should be in moderation and exclude them in no case be impossible, especially if it is swimming or outdoor activities.
• Low blood pressure can be raised with a daily contrast shower.
• At teenagers completely to exclude, if is, smoking and alcohol.

Instead of concluding

So, we will sum up all the above. What you need to do when you find an increased or decreased pressure in a child. First, do not create panic. Deviation from the norm is not necessarily the result of a serious illness. Measure the pressure several times, with an interval of an hour or two, or even better, 12 hours. Perhaps the child is just tired, not slept well or nervous. Secondly, try to organize the correct mode and nutrition, eliminate overloading in the daily routine, observe what will be the pressure after 2-3 days of rest.

If the pressure does not normalize after 3-4 days, or the child initially complains of a bad state of health (severe headaches, nausea, darkness in the eyes), it is necessary to urgently turn to the treating pediatrician. Depending on the reasons, he will give more detailed recommendations and, perhaps, prescribe medication. No separate measures for treatment - drugs or folk remedies should not be used in any case!

Deviations of pressure in the infant should be detected by the doctor during a monthly examination, in particular, a convex fontanelle, a disproportionate growth of the head and other signs. If you yourself have found a rise or fall, or the child is capricious, does not sleep and cries for no reason, it is also necessary to turn to the pediatrician.