What is the difference between a prefix and a preposition in Russian? Rule, examples

Often people confuse prefixes and pretexts. Because of this, the literacy of the written texts suffers. And this is due to the fact that not everyone understands the difference between the prefix and the preposition. This is the reason for frequent mistakes.

What is the difference between a prefix and a preposition

To allow as few errors as possible while writing, remember the rule. And it says that prefixes are parts of words and are written together. With their help, you can form new words.

Prepositions are an independent part of speech, which must be written separately with other words. They help to connect words to agreed sentences.

The difficulty in determining is created by the fact that they often sound the same. That is why it is so important to understand the difference between the prefix and the preposition. This rule should not only be learned, but also be able to use when writing.

To facilitate this work, there are practical tips.

The verb has prefixes

But the prepositions next to the verbs never stand. This is one of the main tips. Therefore, one can answer the question, what is the difference between the prefix and the preposition: "There can never be a pretext about a verb".

As examples, you can take the words ran away, jumped, flew. The prefixes c-, sub-, and- in these verbs are similar in pronunciation with prepositions. But since we see verbs in front of us, we understand that it is necessary to write them together.

Applying the first clue in life

Help to consolidate the understanding of this feature, showing how the prefix differs from the preposition, examples.

Petya again ran away from the lesson. On the street, his beloved dog immediately jumped to him, who was already waiting for him, lying under a school bench.

Let us examine these examples.

- He escaped; From the lesson.

In the first case, "c" stands next to the verb, it means that it is a prefix, and it is written together. In the second case, "c" refers to the noun, therefore, we can not say anything concrete yet.

By the same algorithm, we will analyze the words "jumped" and "under the bench." In the first word, we write in the verb together, because this is a prefix. And in the phrase "under the bench," the preposition "under" helps to relate words in the sentence and therefore stands apart from the noun.

But it is still difficult for children to determine the difference between prefixes and prepositions. The answer is given by the second and third practical clues.

Put the noun in its initial form

This second tip is even more important. After all, it shows how the prefix differs from the preposition, when it comes to nouns. Of course, it would be very simple if the prefixes helped to form only verbs. To the great regret of those who are not able to spell correctly, they also have nouns.

This hint helps to determine what the prefixes differ from prepositions with nouns. It turns out that after we have determined that the word is not a verb, we should put it in the initial form, that is, in the nominative case.

Example of applying the second prompt

Knowing how to use a practical clue that determines how prefixes differ from prepositions, class 5 can easily cope with the task. The fifth-graders usually already unmistakably understand where the prefixes, and where the prepositions.

The algorithm of work is as follows. We read the text:

At the table broke a leg,

I'm tired of fixing it!

I'll look in the window ...

And then - again saw!

We check the phrase "at the table".

1. This is not a verb, therefore, it can not be said with certainty that "y" is a prefix.
2. We put "at the table" in the initial form together with a pretext, it turns out "ustol". But such a word does not exist! There is only the word "table". So, "y" is a prefix. And you need to write it separately from the noun.

We will analyze the words "broke", "tired" and "I'll look." This verbs, therefore, can not be a priori with them. We draw a conclusion: these are prefixes "с", "у", "по". And we already know how the prefix differs from the preposition in the Russian language - they need to be written together with the word.

Then follows the phrase "in the window". We will try to do this according to the algorithm described above.

1. This is not a verb, therefore it can not be said that "in" is a prefix.
2. Put "in the window" in the initial form, along with a pretext, we get a "window". But such a word does not exist! There is only the word "window". So, "in" is a prefix. And you need to write it separately from the noun.

However, especially stubborn people can insist that the "window" just exists, because, even in the example, it says: "I'll look in the window." To even have nothing to cover, we will introduce them to yet another, third practical clue. It is she who, in the final analysis, shows how the prefix differs from the preposition. Class 5 answers can give, as we see, not quite accurate, if the students do not know how to use it.

Between a preposition and a word you can insert a question

Again, we return to our example. "In the window" - which window? As you can see, the question fits well into the phrase. And if you want, you can insert another word instead of a question, for example, an adjective.

We get this phrase: "I'll look in a clean window for now". Now clearly seen that the preposition and the noun were safely divided. Therefore, "in" can not be a pretext in any way.

Examples of using the third clue

To be one hundred percent sure of the spelling of prefixes and prepositions with words, you should always apply the third clue in practice.

"Arrival" is not a verb, therefore, we try to insert a question between "pri" and "fly". We can not do anything. Hence, this is one word that must be written together.

"Flown" is not a verb, therefore, we try to insert a question between "for" and "flying". We can not do anything. Hence, this is one word that must be written together.

Working with context hints

So, we'll work out an algorithm for using hints in practice.

Cranes flew over the blue river.

1. "Above the blue" is not a verb, therefore, we can not say that it is a prefix.
2. We put the word combination into the initial form. "Nadgolubaya" - such a word does not exist, so this is not a prefix, but an excuse.
3. "Above the meandering blue river" - another word is easily inserted between the preposition and the word. This once again proves that we have a word with a pretext.
4. Conclusion: "over" and "blue" should be written separately.

"Flew" - a verb, therefore, "when" is a prefix and is written together with "flying".

Fixing the rule of spelling of prefixes and prepositions in practice

There are many options for securing literate writing skills. Here's one way.

A text is given in which both prefixes and prepositions are in brackets. The student needs to open the brackets, that is, write the words either together or separately.

1. (For) the mountain, (for) run, (c) return, (c) the roof, (on) the envelope, (on) cut, (c) flew, (c) the house, (c) rolled (c) mountains , (On) ran along the paths, (pro) read (about) the machine, (before) went (up) the birch, (on) ran (on) the village, (pro) read (about) the city.

2. (At) the yard was a mountain. All day long (on) the mountain many children. The mother (on) the sledge (c) rolled (c) mountains.

There is a fragrant tree in the hall. (At) the branches of the toy. (To) fluffy beauty (when) children fled.

An interesting way to consolidate the skills of spelling of prefixes and prepositions is to select them by their own meaning and insert them into context.

... I wandered ... a barn and ... fell deeply ... haystack. All the guys ... were running ... ice ... skates.

Moving games and competitions in the Russian language lessons

In the lessons, you can work on securing this skill and without writing. The game "Otklopali" is held. All the guys get up from the tables. Sit down will be those who are wrong. As a result, only those children who will be most attentive and able to use the rules will remain.

The teacher reads the words, and the players should clap their hands if there is a prefix in the word.

We flew, flew, through the window, along the path, ran, squealed, at our Masha, at Masha, I got lost, went to sleep, quieted, ordered, with me, diligent, beautiful, communion, communion, aspen, under aspen, sucked, covered, hides , Concealer, coverlet, trough, covered, covered, rug, lieutenant colonel.

The remaining children can be "awarded", putting them in the journal excellent marks.

Interestingly, fun and unusual is held at the lesson of the Russian language relay. The class is divided into three teams, the best way is to do it in rows. The board is also divided into three parts - each team is allocated one-third. On the table are cards with words in such a way that the words themselves are not visible. Guys one by one run to the table, take any card and read the written. If you get a word with a prefix - it is written in one column, if this phrase with a preposition - in another.

The team that will be the fastest to cope with the task will win. But here the second condition also works: all words must be written correctly and be in their own column. If the team finishes work first, it is awarded 20 points, for the second place - 15, and for the third - 10. For each error, one point should be selected. After calculating the errors and the remaining scores, you can calculate the winning team. What to reward its participants - the teacher decides. But usually the children themselves already have enough recognition. And the losers can be forced to poke or tug at themselves by the ear to the music.

Such games awaken interest in knowledge in children, after all, excitement, a thirst for victory is the strongest feeling. It is all the more easy to consolidate skills because the children have a specific goal - to win the game with their comrades. This is not an illusory task - to learn to write competently, to be considered a cultural person. Therefore, you need to play Russian lessons!