Where is the Maiden's Field? History and interesting facts

The famous Moscow Maiden Field stretched into a long strip, starting conditionally from the Garden Ring and ending at the Novodevichy Convent. Borders can be considered in the east Malaya Pirogovskaya, in the west - Pogodinskaya street. On the axis of the Maiden's Field is Bolshaya Pirogovskaya. These streets until 1924 were called respectively the Great and the Lesser Tsaritsyn. In this place was located the court of Queen Evdokia Lopukhina - the wife of Tsar Peter I.

Name Maiden's field. Where does it come from?

Many people believe that the area owes its name to the nearby Novodevichy Convent, which was favored by the princess Sophia herself in the 17th century. Other hypotheses are also suggested, from which it follows that the Maiden field was formed before. Moscow in the earlier period has chosen these places for festivities. Then it already comes out on the contrary - the monastery got its name from the neighboring area.

One of the versions of the origin of the name of the Virgin's Field says that at the time of the Tatar-Mongols the inhabitants of the local settlements brought the most beautiful girls here and sent them to the Golden Horde in return for paying tribute. The second version is more pleasant. The name of the field came from the fact that in ancient times here there were flood meadows, in the daytime townsfolk grazed cows here, and in the evenings they organized parties, conducted dances, sang, played various games.

Place of mass festivities

In the history of Moscow, the Maiden Field is well known for its wide festivals, festivities. Initially, the holidays were exclusively church, the main day was the worship of the icon of the Smolensk Mother of God. In her honor, the Novodevichy Convent was actually built. Subsequently, Podnovinskie festivals moved to the Maiden's Field, so beloved by the locals. Often there were famous foreign guest performers who traveled throughout Russia. Especially popular among the public were conjurers Zhenya Latour and Pinetti. The Russian Treasury even allocated funds for which the wooden theater was built here. In it for the walking simple people free performances were arranged. Unfortunately, in due course the theater was abolished. In 1771, he ceased to operate because of the epidemic of the plague, and later the authorities did not allocate money for its maintenance.

Coronation of Nicholas I

However, the festivities on the field did not stop. Particular attention should be paid to the curious event that took place here in 1826. The celebration was dedicated to the coronation of Tsar Nicholas I. For the Emperor's family and high-ranking guests, a rotunda was built on the Maiden Field, around it there were stylishly decorated galleries. Invited to the celebrations were and commoners. For them, in the open area, ordinary tables were covered with a variety of snacks: all kinds of pastries, beer, honey, fruits, smoked hams, fried meat and much more. Nearby were fountains with wine (2 large and 16 small), straight from the nozzles white and red wine was beating. The girl's field was ready to receive guests. The holiday was widely publicized, and a huge crowd of suffering free food arrived to the place. When the signal sounded at the beginning of the meal, people stormed the fountains, tables, by storm. The crowd swept away everything in its path, and this despite the fact that the decree was issued, act on signals. In a quarter of an hour it was impossible to find out the richly decorated area. The crowd turned everything into ruins: tables, chairs were broken, food was swept away in a matter of seconds, the galleries were destroyed. Such here the holiday has turned out.

After this solemn event all entertainment festivities in this area were covered. They conducted only military demonstrations and soldier's exercises here. Only in 1864 the Devin's Field was renewed Podnovinskie festivals, later began to hold and wide celebrations of Pancake week and Easter.

Novodevichy Convent

While on the Maiden Field, everyone notices the neighborhood of the Novodevichy Convent. He leads to him Prechistenka, incidentally, the name of it was due to the fact that the road led to the Novodevichy monastery, where there was a shrine - the icon of the Most-Pure Virgin. Above the walls of the monastery stands a multi-tiered bell tower. Among many of the monastery buildings, the Smolensk Cathedral is also visible from the Maiden Field, which was built in memory of the liberation of the Smolensk Fortress in 1525.

Already in the first days of its existence the Novodevichy Convent was known as the richest feudal economy. In the XVII century the monastery owned a lot of Russian lands, he was considered a large landowner. Here there were nuns Princess Sophia, IF Godunova, EF Lopukhin. This explains the special interest in the monastery on the part of the authorities and good material support.

In the 15th century, from the western side of the Maiden Field to the Moskva River, the courtyard of the Rostov bishop, surrounded by small suburbs of its workers, stretched out, now Rostovsky lanes are located in that place. This area in those days was called here Dorogomilova Sloboda.

History of the Clinical Town

Its format changed the Maiden Field at the end of the 19th century. It was connected closely with the medical faculty of Moscow State University. The number of listeners increased, there were not enough seats in the auditoriums of educational institutions on Rozhdestvenka and Mokhovaya. In 1884, the Moscow government decided to transfer the land to the university free of charge in the maiden's field for the construction of medical institutes and clinics by the university. The total allocated area was 18 hectares. Even earlier in 1882, the merchant Morozov gave the university 6 hectares of nearby land. The gift came by the way. On the means of Morozova and Paskhalova the first buildings of the psychiatric and obstetrical departments were erected.

So began the construction of the Clinical Town. The initiator of his erection was then the famous surgeon - N. V. Sklifosovsky, in 1880-1891 - professor of the university. Designed complex Clinical Town Konstantin Bykovsky.

The official laying was in 1887, after Alexander III was approved estimates and the project Bykovsky.

Completion of construction

The girl's field, the photo of which confirms the scale of the territory, began to be filled with medical facilities. The clinical town grew. The state financed the construction, but also entrepreneurial charitable contributions played a huge role in the construction of clinics and institutions.

In 1897 the construction was completed. As a result, 12 clinics, 1 dispensary and 8 institutes were built for the Moscow State University. Since then, the history of the Maiden field closely links with the development of medicine in Russia, and later the Soviet Union.

As for the mass festivities, they continued for several years after the opening of the Clinical Town. But in 1911 they were transferred to Presnya. The noise produced had a negative impact on the health of patients, and at the request of the clinic staff, the Government decided to postpone it. In 1930, the medical faculty was transformed into the First Medical Institute, which later received the title of Sechenov.

Till now the Maiden's field is considered the main place where leading medical clinics are concentrated not only in Moscow, but also in the whole of Russia.

Clinics

What clinics on the Maiden Field were built?

Construction was completed in 1890:

• Therapeutic clinic of doctor Zakharyin;
• Surgical Sklifosovsky;
• Clinics of nervous diseases;
• Children's clinic Filatov;
• Institute of General Pathological Anatomy of Klein;
• Institute of General Pathology, Pharmacology, Hygiene.

In 1892, the hospital clinics:

• Ostroumov's therapy;
• Surgery;
• Propaedeutics of internal diseases;
• Eye diseases.

In 1895, the general clinical laboratory of the ear, throat, and nose was opened.

Now facades of faculty surgical and therapeutic clinics are looking at Bolshaya Pirogovskaya. The famous Ostroumov headed the department of therapy. In his clinic with pulmonary hemorrhage lay AP Chekhov.

The most beautiful building of the Clinical Town is a general clinical outpatient clinic, which was built by the architect Zalessky and was opened in 1896. Now the building houses the MMA rector. In front of the building there is a monument to Sechenov - the founder of the school of physiology, he was designed in 1958 by Karbel.

In the south-west two buildings in the style of neoclassicism - the pathoanatomical institute and clinic of skin diseases. In 1960, a monument was erected to Postnik's Abrikosov sculptor.

Michael Bulgakov

History is so closely connected here with medicine that it turned out that even the writer Mikhail Bulgakov, who lived here since 1927, was a doctor by profession. His house on the Maiden Field was always open to guests. Frequent visitors were in it Ilf and Petrov, Olesha, artists MKhAT Yashin, Khmelev. In the 1930s, Bulgakov began his work in the Art Theater. Mikhail Bulgakov lived here with his wife Lyubov Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya. Immediately born and the famous novel "The Master and Margarita", whose original name was "Consultant with a hoof." The master also worked on the play "Kabala svjatosh" and the story "Moliere".

Square

The arrows of the streets of Bolshaya Pirogovskaya and Elanskogo will be brought to the public garden of the Maiden Field. This single piece of land once deserted the field was not built-up. It was in this place that the festive festivities that were opened here since 1864 were held territorially. As we have already told, after the construction of the Clinical Town, noisy fun at the request of the medical faculty were transferred to Presnya in 1911. Local areas, squares, boulevards decided to turn into a large park, which was built in 1912-1913.

The green, cozy square stretches now with a triangle, which is formed by Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, Elanskaya street, which goes to Plyushchikha, as well as the passage of the Maiden Field. Colorful greens, well-groomed paths, a fountain, benches - a peace of tranquility, sometimes you can not even believe that the Garden Ring is very close. On the corner of the square there is a monument to Filatov, a pediatrician, who supervised the nearest pediatric clinic.

Temple of Michael

Not far from the clinic of obstetrics and gynecology is the temple of Michael at the clinics on the Devichi Field. He was drafted on the project of Nikiforov, Meissner on the main section of the Clinical Town. This pearl, which adorns the hospital complex, gives it completeness and integrity.

In 1894 Alexander III approved the project of architects, and immediately the temple was laid. The territory occupied a dominant position in the Clinical Town. There was also a symbolic meaning, babies were born in the obstetric building. In the same church they were often baptized. There arose both a physical and a spiritual life at the same time.

The construction went on quickly, and already in 1897 the church of Michael in the Maiden Field was consecrated. His consecration marked the complete completion of the construction of the Clinical Town, he was the wreath of the labor of all who built the medical complex. The temple of Michael filled the life of the town with a special spirituality and meaning. Parishioners here were doctors, students, patients, and residents of local neighborhood homes.

Hard times. Recovery

In 1922, in the hard atheistic times for Russia, the temple at the Devichi Field was sacked by the Bolsheviks. The property was seized and declared "the property of the people". In 1931 the church was closed, the domes were destroyed, all this despite the mass protests of local residents. In the building of the temple, they first organized a cult worship lecture, then they equipped a gym, then a pharmacy, office space, a warehouse. In 1977, the temple was nearly destroyed in order to make room for building a food block. Only the incredible efforts of the public helped to stop the vandals. For many years the dilapidated church was empty. Only in the early 1990s the building was finally handed over to believers. The remains of the temple were restored and restored for a long time. In 2002, the Michael temple once again opened its doors to believers, prayer resumed in it, beauty and glory returned.

Maiden's field. Kolomna

Talking about Moscow's Maiden Field, one can not help mentioning the same street in Kolomna. It also has an interesting history, although not many of our contemporaries are familiar with it. Today, the Maiden Field (Kolomna) is an ordinary city street in the Kolychev district, where panel houses are lined up in a row. Inhabitants of them are unlikely to be delighted that they live exactly in that place, they called it the symbol of the unification of Russia. Here Dmitry Donskoi assembled the squads of princes who were at enmity with each other. It was in this place that he united them into one powerful Russian army, which became invincible in the great Kulikovo battle. The Rostovites, Pskovians and Suzdalists went into battle, and the Russians returned. So there was a national unity.

This land is really special, later the military forces were repeatedly screened here.

Now the Kolychevo district is a residential area with all the standard indicators. The index of the Maiden field in Kolomna is 140404, the length of the street is 1.3 km, tram No. 7 is running, the Kolychevo urban area. On the street there are both residential buildings, as well as commercial, catering and medical establishments.