What is hygienic training? Hygienic training and education of the population

The health of the nation is an integral part of the socio-demographic situation of the state. Hygienic training plays an important role in this matter. It depends on how successfully it is built and formed, the final result depends. This process provides for active action, both on the part of propagandists and those on whom educational measures are directed. The health improvement system developed by the state is mandatory and comprehensive. Citizens of the country should not only understand all the dangers and what consequences they have, but also adhere to recommendations and rules. What is hygienic training and education of the population?

The sphere of influence of hygienic education

Hygienic education and training is a strategy for the education of a culture of health. It is conducted for different groups of the population and is aimed at motivating people to lead a healthy lifestyle. Influence and pedagogical methods are carried out by means of various sources. Every citizen is trying to influence as many as possible. That is, information and propaganda should surround it everywhere and go any way. The source of influence is society as a whole. But at different stages of the life cycle and depending on the emerging situations, hygienic training falls under the responsibility of various social institutions and specialized institutions. This is the family, and the school, and medical and cultural institutions.

Hygienic education as the main preventive measure

The organization of hygienic training is the basic preventive measure. It is the basis for the prevention of various diseases. This term means a set of actions aimed at reducing the risks of development of various kinds of violations. Also one of the activities is inhibition or complete stop of the development of diseases. Educational and educational methods should also be aimed at reducing the likelihood of acquiring a disabled state. This once again confirms that hygienic training is the key to a healthy and successful nation.

All measures of education and upbringing are reduced to preventing or preventing something. That is, we can say that this is one of the forms of prevention. Prevention, depending on the degree of development or progress of the hazard, can be divided into three specific categories:

1. Primary measures. In this case, the potential for the development of the disease is low. Hygienic training is designed to ensure that the risk is not justified. In this category, you can make any government actions that in any way lead to an increase in the percentage of healthy citizens among the entire population. They can create favorable conditions both in the environment and affect the person himself. That is, the first type of prevention is the improvement of the ecological situation, and the second implies vaccination, regulation of the diet, optimization of working conditions (the ratio of working time and rest should be proportional).
2. Secondary measures. Their action is aimed at oppression of existing risks. In this case, it is necessary to prevent not their occurrence, but aggravation and development. The state is trying to prevent the emergence of pathogens. That is, it is necessary to prevent the establishment of favorable conditions for relapse. The main preventive method at this stage is forced medical examination. It can be directed both at the entire population, and at individuals who represent the greatest danger or threat to society.
3. Tertiary measures. The direction of their impact is due to the already developed problem. Most often, the methods at this stage are of a rehabilitation nature. All preventive measures are aimed at restoring and maintaining normal vital activity. These measures should help a person to adapt in society. Although they have one common goal and idea, they can be implemented by various methods, which in aggregate will cover all spheres of human activity. This is medicine, society, psychology and professional activity.

The essence of the process of sanitary and hygienic training

Sanitary and hygienic training is based on standards that are justified from the standpoint of science and medicine. It is a complex of measures that ultimately must form the correct behavior of a person with regard to his health and lifestyle.

Thanks to the implemented measures, the working capacity of the population must at least remain at one stable level, and in the long term have positive dynamics. One of the tasks of this education is to increase the average life expectancy. Such indicators clearly demonstrate the overall situation in the country and the degree of development of the state. All world powers necessarily take care of the health of their citizens.

In order for hygienic training of the population to be most effective, it is necessary to ensure the implementation of certain principles. First, it is necessary to provide a warning to the public, which should be to ensure that everyone is aware of what factors have a negative impact on health and depress life. Knowledge will help everyone in case of danger to apply effective methods for eliminating risks.

Also, state institutions and organizations are obliged to create favorable conditions to popularize among the country's residents a healthy lifestyle and encourage them to follow the rules of hygiene. But in order to attract people, it is necessary to form an appropriate atmosphere that would favor this process.

Sanitary and hygienic training is not only the care of doctors. A fully healthy person should take care not only of his physiology. Important is the moral as well as the social component. For this reason, in the process of education, employees of such spheres as psychology, education and social protection must also take part.

Work principles

Requirements for hygienic training have validity, due to which a set of measures applied can be the most successful and effective. The main principle on which such education is built is confirmation by scientific facts. You can not say for sure about the good or harm of anything, if it is not proven. It is confidence in one hundred percent in its actions that gives the state guarantees for a positive result.

We also need to understand that it is necessary to assess the situation soberly and from an objective point of view. The use of truthful information, their analysis and processing allow us to draw certain conclusions. All measures should be focused. That is, only by setting a specific task, you can achieve it. It should be exact numbers or indicators, and not vague thoughts.

To talk about the health of the nation, it is important to know that all actions must be massive. All people live in society and, in contact with others, are influenced from outside. The introduction of any measures should affect everyone in need.

Hygienic requirements for learning conditions are invariably characterized by a consistent order of steps. They should be arranged in a logical sequence. Activities can not be one-time, as the result will not be achieved. Systematicity is another guarantee of successful educational activities.

And the final principle is the versatile influence and participation of various specialists. Only a complex impact can give a full-fledged success. Involvement in the hygiene education of specialists from various industries helps each member of society to feel completely healthy.

Directions, means and methods of hygienic training

Hygienic training of children and adults is built on two main directions. The first is responsible for the popularization of healthy habits and the factors that provide it. The second direction, as opposed to the first one, should fix in the minds of people information on how to disrupt normal life activity.

Hygienic training and attestation is conducted in relation to different groups of the population. All of them differ quantitatively. This is necessary to ensure that the implemented measures are appropriate, justified and effective. According to this classification, the following forms of education are distinguished:

• Individual order, when the impact is directed personally to one person;
• Group education (people in the group are selected according to a certain list, this is usually a person of the same age, gender and social status);
• Mass, covering a wide strata of the population.

Hygienic training and attestation can be expressed in various forms. This is done due to the fact that the perception of the information provided is different for everyone, and the educational process must be effective. Therefore, data are given in the form of oral speech, writing or illustrations.

Various means are used to implement these forms. That is, for people who perceive information by ear, lectures, talks, discussions, quizzes or briefings will be more effective. People who perceive the world by the organs of sight are better influenced by printed publications and images. These are books, products of journalism, slogans.

The most interesting way of teaching is the illustrative examples. They are more often remembered by people. Their implementation can be caused by any technical means, natural objects, geometric forms.

The main target audiences targeted for hygienic training

To conduct direct or remote hygienic training, it is necessary to form a certain group of people to which the flow of information will be directed. Depending on the target audience, methods and methods of upbringing are chosen.

Target groups are of two types depending on the direction of work. The first includes the subjects on which educational measures are directed. They are people of different age categories and social status. They are children, adults, old people. This includes both young people at risk and those who are limited in their actions.

Secondary target groups are those who set out and promote this type of education. They must, before teaching others, themselves to undergo hygienic training. This category includes doctors, psychologists, social workers, teachers, educators and others. Recently, mass media workers have added to this list. Since it is the media that exerts the greatest influence on the modern person, then people working in this field are able to manipulate others and inspire the necessary information.

The formation of target groups should take place according to the worldview of the people at the current moment. For this, it is necessary to take into account not only the situation in the state, but also national traditions, religious differences or professional characteristics. Thus, the program for the improvement of the population must at least be of a mass nature, but at the same time have an individual orientation.

Teaching certain categories

Hygienic training of workers should be conducted at each enterprise and institution. But special attention and control are given to the categories of workers in the following spheres:

1. Food industry. These are people who are in any way in contact with food and food. It does not matter at what stage of the product movement is the product, be it production, storage, transportation or sale. Those workers who are associated with confectionery, baby food or animal products are carefully monitored. This is due to the fact that they can be the most likely source of health risks.
2. Employees of public services. This applies mainly to those people who are engaged in the collection of domestic waste and street debris.
3. The enterprises connected with potable water. Since this substance is vital, any contact with it can lead to irreversible consequences. In this case, as well as with the food industry, workers are exposed to control related to the production, storage, transportation and sale of drinking water.

Hygienic training of workers in other spheres is carried out at the time of hiring, and then at intervals of once every two years.

Primary training

Hygienic training of educators, however, as well as workers in other spheres, is compulsory for execution when hiring. It is also held for those who have not passed the final exam. The educational process can be conducted in the form of a day-long form of instruction. If it is carried out in a similar way, then specialized programs are drawn up for a period of nine to fourteen hours.
The second type is remote. With him everything is extremely clear, since the responsibility for the absorbed material is borne by the worker himself. But as a result, he still must take the final exam.

A mixed form of training, or full-time, is due to the joint efforts of the workers themselves, as well as specialists and instructors. Consultations should take at least four hours from the program.

Educational process can be carried out by various institutions. It can be organized with the production itself, and in specialized institutions. In the first case, all necessary conditions must be created for the training to proceed normally. People, selected in groups, should have an identical kind of activity. The target audience is about ten people. If training in hygiene education is conducted in the relevant institutions, then they must have the appropriate permission to carry out such activities.

The main issues addressed in the courses are the rationalization of work, prevention of alcohol, cigarettes, narcotic and psychotropic substances. People are taught to mitigate negative psychological and social factors, as well as monitor personal hygiene.

Passage of attestation

Attestation is the most important moment in the learning process, as it visually demonstrates the results. A check of knowledge in this area is carried out only by certain specialists. They are doctors of valeologists and epidemiologists. Examination is carried out only in institutions of sanitary supervision. It can be written and oral. In the first case - it's open questions or testing, and in the second - an interview.

For workers in special areas, such as the food industry, communal services, the education sector, there are necessarily steps ahead of attestation. In addition to the educational process itself, people employed in similar sectors must undergo a medical examination of their normal state of health. The results of such control are recorded in the sanitary card. In the same document positive results of knowledge testing are fixed. In those institutions and enterprises where the preparation of a health card is not mandatory, the results of the examination are also recorded by issuing a certificate of completion of the training and a satisfactory evaluation of the attestation. This paper is approved by the seal of the State Sanitary Inspection Service.

If the result of attestation is unsatisfactory, then such an employee is sent for a second training course. A bad score is not fixed anywhere, but if the failure is repeated, the results are reported to the higher-level management.

The management of the institution or enterprise is responsible for ensuring that each employee receives such training. It also finances courses, as it is in its interests to find the knowledge of employees.

School of Patients

The essence of such schools is the establishment of contact and mutual understanding between patients and doctors. This helps improve the effectiveness of treatment and prevents the occurrence of diseases. A person at the expense of his knowledge, knowledge and erudition can significantly improve the quality of his life. People are better oriented in the appointment of a doctor, they understand more precisely how to implement recommendations. The goal of schools is to establish partnerships between medical institutions and the people. People have a sense of responsibility for their health. They become motivated, they show attention to their condition and organism. People carefully observe the treatment regimen, as they are interested in the results. Thanks to the training, which is conducted in such a way, the effectiveness of the medical assistance is increased.