What is dermatitis? Types of dermatitis. Allergic, seborrheic, atopic and other types of disease

A group of diseases that occurs in humans under the influence of chemical and physical factors on the surface of the skin, was called "dermatitis" in medicine. Types of dermatitis completely depend on the cause that triggered the pathology. And there are quite a lot of them. Irritation can cause sun, electric current, intertrigo, scrapes, frostbite, burn and much more. As a result, the skin develops characteristic redness and a rash.

Short description

Dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the skin after exposure to external or internal stimuli. The pathology is manifested by itching, redness, dryness of the epidermis. In addition, the patient may have acne, swelling, water calluses, festering and festering.

Depending on the symptoms, several forms of the disease, such as dermatitis, are distinguished. Types of dermatitis, if we consider the course of pathology, are as follows:

1. Sharp . The disease is manifested by swelling of the tissues, redness, purulent process.
2. Moderate . Peeling and cracks are observed on the skin.
3. Chronic . The disease is characterized by a long course of pathology. In certain areas foci of lesion are localized.

All dermatitis, regardless of the factors provoking them, have common features:

1. The lesion and its outlines are clearly limited only to the area affected.
2. After elimination of the irritating factor, unpleasant symptoms disappear very quickly.

Causes of dermatitis

Pathology can provoke many different factors. In most cases, dermatitis causes the following reasons:

1. Dysfunction of the sebaceous glands. Pathology acquires a pronounced character against a background of diabetes or allergies.
2. Contact with corrosive media or substances. In this case, there is inflammation of the skin. Such a pathology can be observed in people who, as a result of their professional activities, have to come into contact with these substances. In this case we are talking about occupational dermatitis.
3. Detergents, cosmetics. Often the source of allergic dermatitis is low-quality perfumes, washing powders, hygiene products.
4. Weather. Very often inflammation of the skin occurs in windy frosty weather. People with dry skin are most prone to such dermatitis.
5. Frequent experiences, nervous stress.
6. Food. Food can be an irritant and a source of allergic dermatitis.
7. Medications. Medicines are capable of provoking the occurrence of side effects. Often they manifest as a rash, redness on the surface of the skin. And this is dermatitis.

Types of dermatitis

Physicians are faced with a large number of varieties of pathology. The widespread classification used by doctors is based on the identification of the cause that provoked dermatitis.

Types of dermatitis, according to her, are as follows:

• contact;
• allergic;
• Atopic;
• Seborrheic;
• Film.

These are the most common pathologies.

Contact dermatitis

This pathology occurs as a result of an inflammatory lesion of the epidermis. It is characterized by the formation of a rash on the surface of the skin.

What is the source of contact dermatitis, it is clear from the name of the pathology. Very often provoke the disease:

1. Synthetic products. It can be clothes, cosmetics, detergents.
2. Metals . Often contact dermatitis causes nickel.
3. Medicines . The most active are certain hormonal drugs and antibiotics.
4. Natural materials. Pathology can provoke: wool, rubber, latex.

Symptomatic symptoms include contact dermatitis:

• Itching of the skin;
• Pain during touch;
• Burning sensation;
• Elevated temperature;
• The formation of rashes in the area of contact with the stimulus;
• Formation of a dry crust on the affected area;
• After healing wounds, scaling and increased dryness of the epidermis are observed.

Allergic dermatitis

The name of the pathology clearly characterizes the source that provokes the disease. This dermatitis is caused by an allergen. As a rule, on the surface of the skin it manifests itself:

• Red itchy spots;
• Blisters.

Allergic dermatitis in adults develops as a result of prolonged exposure to the skin of an irritant. Such manifestations are the immune response of the body. They can occur as a few days later, and in a couple of months.

In the absence of treatment, such dermatitis is very easily able to assume a chronic form. In this case, we are talking about eczema.

Atopic dermatitis

This is a noninfectious inflammation of the skin surface, which is based on an allergy. A patient suffering from this pathology, as a rule, has known about it since childhood. And at the same time clearly understands what allergens provoked the disease.

Before treating dermatitis, it is necessary to exclude contact with the stimulus. This is the most important condition, without which any therapy for this pathology will be ineffective.

Often, atopic dermatitis is a hereditary disease. The triggering mechanism for the onset of symptoms can be:

• Contact of the patient with the allergen;
• Eating certain foods;
• Nervous stress.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Inflammatory skin disease is triggered by an increased amount and deterioration in the quality of sebum. The most vulnerable to this pathology are people suffering from liquid or dense seborrhea. This is one of the most unpleasant and difficult to treat dermatitis. According to statistics, it is often found in infants, adolescents, and also in individuals 20-50 years old.

The disease often affects the areas of the head and body, on which the functioning of the sebaceous glands is most developed:

• The border of the scalp;
• Cheeks, forehead;
• Armpits;
• Cervical region;
• Nasolabial triangle;
• Ear, inguinal folds;
• Chest, back.

Dermatitis of the scalp in the initial or mild degree is manifested by dandruff. The development of pathology was provoked by one of the types of yeast fungi. Such microorganisms live on the surface of the skin in almost all people. While the body functions normally, they do not cause discomfort. But as a result of the fall of protective forces or disturbed metabolism, the activity of such fungi is no longer subject to control. As a result, microorganisms begin to multiply, and on the skin is formed peeling. This is the first symptom of seborrheic dermatitis.

Most often the appearance of the disease is provoked by the following factors:

• Seborrhea;
• hormonal disbalance;
• obesity;
• alcoholism;
• The impact of the environment;
• Pathology of the nervous system;
• Stress;
• epilepsy.

How to treat dermatitis?

It is obvious that therapy of any kind of pathology should begin with the elimination of the stimulus. Therefore, the first stage of treatment is the determination of the allergen that provoked this pathology. To do this, doctors conduct a series of tests that allow to identify the allergen.

Treatment of dermatitis in adults depends on the nature of the rash and the severity of the process:

1. If on the surface localized bubbles, erosive elements, it is recommended to use bandages with a solution of boric acid (3%) or herbal decoctions. Gauze napkins moistened in the prepared liquid should be applied to the damaged area of the skin for about 15 minutes. This procedure lasts approximately 1.5 hours. After a three-hour break, the event is repeated.
2. With a strong and intolerable itching, the doctor will prescribe the reception of antihistamines or tranquilizers. Typically, the treatment of dermatitis in adults includes medicines: Suprastin, Fercarol, Loratadine, Cetirizine, Tavegil, Astemizol. It is not recommended to take them yourself, as the drugs are very quickly addictive.
3. If pathologies are triggered by stress, the doctor will prescribe sedatives. Sometimes the choice stops on tranquilizers. Favorable effect will have medicines: "Relanium", "Sibazon", "Nosepam", tincture of motherwort, valerian.
4. In the case of a combination of pathology with a secondary infection, antibiotics will be prescribed. Preferred are broad-spectrum medicines, such as "Vibramycin", "Erythromycin".

With seborrheic dermatitis, antifungal and antimicrobial drugs are included in the therapy.

Effective ointments

Significant relief will bring the cream from dermatitis. However, the use of such a remedy should only be done by the doctor's prescription. Since the choice of drugs depends on the form of dermatitis, the source that triggered the pathology, and takes into account the concomitant diseases.

Non-hormonal medications:

• "Eplan".
• "Bepanten."
• "Panthenol."
• Pantoderm.
• Skin-Cap.
• Exoderil.
• "Radevit."
• "Gistan".
• «Elidel».
• Protopik.
• Fenistil.
• "Losterin."
• "Timogen."
• "Naftaderm".
• "We'll see."
• Solcoseryl.
• "Desitin".
• The Isis.
• The Zenocap.

Hormonal ointments can be prescribed only by a doctor. The need for these drugs occurs only if the dermatitis cream used does not provide the desired effect.

Patient may be prescribed ointments:

• "Celestoderm".
• Advantan.
• "Flucinar".
• Fucicort.
• Akriderm.

Dietary food

Dermatitis is a skin ailment. Regardless of the source that provoked pathology, nutrition has a huge impact. That's why you should definitely revise your menu.

Diet with dermatitis means the exclusion of all products that can cause allergic reactions. Under the ban fall seafood, chicken, eggs, fruits, vegetables, red or orange, milk. Do not use honey, nuts, chocolate.

The basis of nutrition should lie: porridge cooked on water, cabbage, potatoes, turkey meat, boiled beef, rabbit meat, green apples, plums, pears.

Nutrition for atopic and allergic dermatitis

For these pathologies, there is one diet. Since both diseases are provoked by allergens, the following are excluded:

• citrus;
• Persimmon, pineapple, peaches, red apples;
• Caviar, red fish;
• Strawberries, raspberries, currants, sea buckthorn, strawberries;
• Honey, nuts;
• Milk products;
• chicken eggs;
• Products containing preservatives, dyes;
• Mushrooms;
• Carrots, tomatoes, beets;
• Coffee, cocoa;
• Wheat, rye;
• Soy products;
• Spicy, fried, salty, smoked food;
• Sweet drinks;
• strong tea;
• chocolate;
• Canned food;
• sweets;
• alcohol.

The diet should consist of:

• Lean pork, beef, boiled offal, turkey;
• Oatmeal, rice, pearl barley;
• Natural sour-milk products;
• Sunflower, olive oil;
• Patisson, zucchini, turnips;
• Currants, gooseberries, white cherries;
• Apples (not red), watermelons, plums, pears.

Nutrition for seborrheic dermatitis

With this disease, the diet is significantly different from the one described above. After all, the source of pathology is the yeast fungus.

The patient, who asks the question about how to treat dermatitis, should understand that without proper nutrition, the therapy prescribed by the doctor will be unsuccessful.

At the given pathology it is forbidden to use:

• Fast carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, bakery, bakery and confectionery);
• Semolina porridge, sweet drinks, honey, jam;
• pasta;
• potatoes;
• Spicy, salted, smoked, fried, pickled food;
• spice;
• alcohol;
• Fatty foods;
• citrus;
• Caviar;
• Nuts;
• Orange and red vegetables, fruits;
• Chicken meat, eggs;
• Mushrooms.

Recommended for use:

• Non-carbonated pure water, unsweetened natural fruit drinks, juices, loose tea;
• Low-fat fish;
• Dietary meat;
• Pumpkin (which does not have a bright flesh);
• Broccoli, cabbage, asparagus;
• Squash, squash;
• Sea kale;
• Milk (only for making cereals);
• Unsweetened fruits ;
• dairy products;
• vegetable oil.

Conclusion

The success of therapy depends on the correct diagnosis (which is extremely difficult to do without a doctor) and compliance with all prescriptions of the doctor. Health to you!